Plans of Star Fortifications with Bastions

The image features two black-and-white architectural plans oriented vertically on a plain background. The top diagram (labeled 'N. 1') displays a pentagonal star-shaped fortification, while the bottom diagram (labeled 'N. 2') displays a hexagonal star-shaped fortification. Both shapes are defined by double outlines with a textured, hatched fill between them, representing the thickness of the defensive walls and their protruding bastion angles.

These designs represent the 'trace italienne' or star fort architecture, a revolutionary military engineering style that emerged in the 15th and 16th centuries to counter the development of gunpowder artillery by providing overlapping fields of fire.