Water bellow in Italy

The illustration depicts a large, jar-shaped vessel with a cutaway view showing a central vertical tube through which water descends. As water strikes the bottom, it forces air upward through a narrow spout at the top, while excess water exits via a valve at the base. This type of apparatus was used to provide the steady wind supply required for hydraulic organs and other automated machines.

Athanasius Kircher’s work in organology and hydraulics exemplifies the 'natural magic' tradition, where the study of physical properties like pneumatics was used to create marvelous, seemingly supernatural effects. This diagram reflects the Baroque interest in the mechanical animation of matter and the practical application of Greek and Roman engineering principles found in the works of Hero of Alexandria.