Figure studies (after Raphael's Disputa)

A series of pen and ink sketches depicting male figures in various dynamic poses, including kneeling in prayer, gesturing in debate, and reclining. The drawing focuses on the anatomical accuracy and expressive movement of the human form, capturing the reactions of onlookers to a divine event. These figures are studies for the terrestrial layer of the fresco, where theologians and laypeople contemplate the mystery of the Eucharist.

The 'Disputa' serves as the theological counterpart to the 'School of Athens,' representing the reconciliation of human reason with divine revelation. This intellectual program reflects the Neoplatonic 'Concordia' championed by thinkers like Marsilio Ficino and Pico della Mirandola, aiming to harmonize classical philosophy with Christian doctrine.