ON DEFINITIONS AND TERMS

A LITTLE BOOK ON ASTROLOGY BY OTTO BRUNFELS.

Astrology is the knowledge of the actions and significations of the stars and the heavens; in Latin, it is called the sidereal science.
Dioptrics, a part of Astrology, investigates the distances of the Sun (☉) and Moon (☽) and other stars through the use of instruments. From the Greek 'dioptra,' an ancient astronomical sighting instrument.
Meteoroscopy, a part of Astrology, seeks out the differences in elevations and the distances of the stars.
Gnomonics, a part of Astrology, teaches the theory of shadows and sundials, doing so by means of the ancient gnomon. The gnomon is the part of a sundial that casts the shadow.
An Aster is a single star, as Macrobius says.
An Astron is a sign composed of many stars, which we call a constellation. Thus, stars are indeed individual, such as the five Wandering Stars The planets and others which, not mixed with others, move alone.
Sydera Constellations truly are those which are formed into some sign by a composition of many stars, such as Aries (♈), Taurus (♉), Andromeda, Perseus, the Crown, and whatever types of various forms are believed to have been received into the heavens.
The Horoscope is the sign which is ascending. In traditional astrology, the 'horoscopus' refers specifically to the Rising Sign or Ascendant, not the entire chart.

$\hbar$ The Shining One original: "φαίνων" (Phainon). ♃ The Blazing One original: "φαέθων" (Phaethon). ♂ The Fiery One original: "πυρόεις" (Pyroeis). ☉ The Sun original: "ἥλιος" (Helios). ♀ The Light-Bringer original: "Βωσφόρος" (Phosphoros). ☿ The Gleaming One original: "σίλβων" (Stilbon). ☽ The Moon original: "σελήνη" (Selene).

Height of the planets Often referred to as Exaltation is so called because stars placed in that specific part of the sky make men blessed, or it is when they are raised up by a certain natural sublimity of greatness.
Fallen planets Planets in their 'Fall' or 'Detriment' are so called when their authority is suppressed; they make men miserable, poor, ignoble, and destitute?.
Close neighbors or generous ones, eternal divinities assigned to individual decans. Decans are 10-degree subdivisions of the zodiac signs. Regarding these, see Firmicus, book two, chapter four. Firmicus Maternus was a 4th-century Roman lawyer and astrologer who wrote the 'Matheseos Libri VIII'.
The Bounds of the stars are what the specific parts of the signs are called which are divided among individual stars; in Greek, these are the borders original: "τὰ ὅρια" (ta horia).
Planets are said to Rejoice when, being placed in suitable and more fortunate places in the birth chart, they have greater power and decree the most good fortune.
The Morning Stars are five: ♄, ♃, ♂, ♀, and ☿. These same ones are also called Evening Stars, Western, and Hidden. In Greek: the invisible, those in conjunction, and those rising at sunset original: "ἀφανíται καὶ συνοδικοὶ καὶ ἀκρονύκται".
A star is called Morning when, being at its rising, it precedes the Sun (☉) from the east, like Lucifer The name for Venus when it appears before sunrise; literally 'Light-Bringer'..
An Evening star, at its rising, is one that follows the rising Sun.
Hidden stars are those which the orb of the Sun (☉) covers.
Rising at sunset original: "Ακρονύκται" are those which rise just as the Sun (☉) tends toward its setting.
Stars are said to be Protected whenever they have preceded the Sun with a favorable radiation.
The power of the Sun is protected by the best radiation whenever it has been adorned by the morning rising of stars.
Saturn ($\hbar$) is called a morning star when it has preceded the Sun (☉) by twelve degrees.
Jupiter (♃) is a morning star when it has moved back by eleven degrees in its preceding.
Venus (♀), preceding the Sun by eight degrees, is called a morning star.
Similarly, Mars (♂), placed in the eighth degree, is called a morning star.
Aries (♈) is called a tropic sign because when the Sun (☉) is placed in that sign, it makes the springtime.
Aries (♈) is called a fiery sign because whoever has it in the horoscope of their birth will be prone to fire and a choleric nature. In ancient medicine, the choleric temperament was associated with fire, bile, and an ambitious or irritable personality.