This library is built in the open.
If you spot an error, have a suggestion, or just want to say hello — we’d love to hear from you.

...scattered voids, and nowhere is there yet permission for them to creep in.
As those who wish to speak with plausible and reasonable arguments, let
us construct a sphere, entirely sturdy and made of sheet metal elasmatos original: "ἐλάσματος" (elasmatos). This refers to metal that has been hammered into a thin, strong sheet to ensure the vessel is airtight and lightweight.,
so that it is not easily crushed, having a capacity of eight kotylai kotylas original: "κοτύλας" (kotylas). A Greek unit of volume, approximately 250 milliliters or a cup; eight kotylai would be about 2 liters..
Once it is skillfully made, we must again drill into it, and
insert? one must hollow? out a thin tube?—not at all—
this tube [placed] along the diameter of the drilled hole,
so that there is also a flow. Let the other part of it
project outside the sphere by about three finger-breadths original: "δακτύλους" (daktylous). A standard unit of measurement based on the width of a finger, roughly 1.9 cm.. The
area around the hole where the siphon siphōn original: "σίφων" (siphon). In this context, it refers to a pipe or tube used to move air or liquid. is
fixed should be sealed with tin original: "κασσιτέρῳ" (kassiterō). This refers to soldering the joint with tin to make it airtight. joined to
both the siphon and the outer surface of the sphere,
so that whenever we wish, we may blow into it with our mouth
through the siphon, and let none of this breath pneuma original: "πνεῦμα" (pneuma). While often translated as "spirit" in other contexts, in Hero's work it specifically refers to air or gas, especially when under pressure.
escape from the sphere. Let us now observe what happens. For
since there is air aēr present in it, just as in all other
vessels which are called "empty," this air
has filled the entire space within it, and it
is pressed continuously against the surface of the
vessel, and there is no void at all, just as was previously stated.