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Of the preparation of common salt. Chapter 1.
Of the preparation of salt of glass. Chapter 2. original: "Salis Vitri". This likely refers to "sandiver" or "glass-gall," a salty byproduct found on the surface of molten glass in furnaces, used as a flux.
Of the preparation of saltpeter. Chapter 3. original: "Salis nitri". Potassium nitrate, a key ingredient for making strong acids.
Of the preparation of rock salt. Chapter 4. original: "Salis gemmæ". Literally "gem salt," referring to clear, crystalline halite.
Of the preparation of alkali salt. Chapter 5. original: "Salis alcali". This usually refers to potassium carbonate obtained from the ashes of burnt plants.
Of the preparation of sal ammoniac. Chapter 6. original: "Salis armoniaci". Ammonium chloride, a substance highly valued in alchemy for its ability to sublimate and act on metals.
Of the preparation of salt of tartar. Chapter 7. original: "Salis tartari". Potassium carbonate derived from the crusty deposits left in wine barrels.
Of the preparation of salt of urine. Chapter 8.
Of the preparation of ice or rock alum. Chapter 9. original: "Aluminis glaciæ uel rocæ". Alum was used primarily as a mordant in dyeing and as an astringent.
Of the preparation of Yemen alum. Chapter 10. original: "Aluminis iameni". A high-quality grade of alum named after its supposed source in Yemen.
Of the preparation of plumose alum. Chapter 11. original: "Aluminis plumosæ". "Feathered" or fibrous alum; often used in historical texts to describe asbestos or similar mineral fibers that did not burn.
Of the preparation of black ink. Chapter 12. original: "Atramenti nigri". In this chemical context, it refers to vitriol (iron sulfate) used to make black dyes and inks.
Of the preparation of copperas. Chapter 13. original: "Cuperosæ". A general name for metallic sulfates, specifically green vitriol.
Of the preparation of Roman vitriol. Chapter 14. original: "Vitrioli Romani". A specific, high-purity copper sulfate known for its blue color.
Of the preparation of ceruse. Chapter 15. original: "Cerussæ". White lead, a pigment produced by exposing lead to vinegar vapors.
Of the preparation of Spanish white. Chapter 16. original: "Albi hispanici". A white pigment or cosmetic powder, often made from tin or bismuth.
Of the preparation of verdigris. Chapter 17. original: "Viridis æris". Literally "green of copper," the green pigment formed by the weathering of copper.
Of the preparation of saffron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 18. original: "Croci". In alchemy, "saffron" (crocus) refers to a fine yellow or orange powder produced by calcining a metal, such as Crocus Martis (iron oxide).