Four Books on Human Proportion

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Historical manuscripts often contain blank leaves between major sections. These served several purposes: they protected the text from "bleed-through" (ink soaking through from the other side), provided space for future owners to add their own notes, or simply occurred due to the way the parchment or paper was folded into "gatherings" or "quires." The brown spotting often seen on such pages is called "foxing," a result of aging and humidity affecting the paper's fibers.