xxiv JEROME’S PREFACES.

Records bear witness to this. The Gospel also which is called the Gospel according to the Hebrews original: "Evangelium... secundum Hebræos"; this was an early Jewish-Christian Gospel, now lost except for fragments quoted by authors like Jerome., and which was recently translated by me into the Greek and Latin languages—a work which Origen often uses—relates the following after the resurrection of the Savior: "But when the Lord had given the linen cloth to the servant of the priest, he went to James and appeared to him." For James had sworn that he would not eat bread from that hour in which he had drunk the cup of the Lord, until he should see Him rising from the dead. And again, after a little while, the Lord said: "Bring a table and bread." And immediately it is added: "He took the bread and blessed it, and broke it, and gave it to James the Just, and said to him: 'My brother, eat your bread, for the Son of Man has risen from those who sleep.'" And so, for thirty years he ruled the Church in Jerusalem, that is, until the seventh year of Nero; and he was buried near the temple, at the very spot where he had been cast down. According to tradition, James was martyred by being thrown from the "pinnacle" of the Temple. He had a well-known monument until the siege by Titus and the final one by Hadrian. Some of our people think he was buried on the Mount of Olives, but their opinion is false.

Simon Peter, son of Jonah, from the province of Galilee and the village of Bethsaida, was the brother of Andrew the Apostle and the leader of the Apostles. After his episcopacy of the Church of Antioch and his preaching to the "dispersion" The "Diaspora," or Jewish communities living outside Israel. of those of the circumcision

who had believed in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, he went to Rome in the second year of Claudius to defeat Simon Magus. Simon Magus was a sorcerer mentioned in the Book of Acts who, according to later traditions, challenged Peter in Rome. There he held the priestly chair for twenty-five years, until the last year of Nero—that is, his fourteenth year. By Nero he was nailed to a cross and crowned with martyrdom, with his head turned toward the earth and his feet raised on high, asserting that he was unworthy to be crucified in the same way as his Lord. He wrote two epistles which are called "catholic" From the Greek 'katholikos', meaning 'universal' or intended for the whole Church rather than a specific city.; the second of these is denied by many to be his, because of the difference in style from the first. But the Gospel according to Mark, who was his listener and interpreter, is also said to be his. Furthermore, the books of which one is titled his Acts, another his Gospel, a third his Preaching, a fourth his Apocalypse, and a fifth his Judgment, are considered among the apocryphal Scriptures. He was buried at Rome in the Vatican near the triumphal way, and is celebrated by the veneration of the entire city.

Jude, the brother of James, left a small epistle indeed, which is one of the seven catholic epistles. And because he draws testimony from the Book of Enoch, which is apocryphal, the epistle is rejected by many; nevertheless, it has now earned authority by its antiquity and long use, and is counted among the holy Scriptures.

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