Reg.lat.1352

Here, the poor man original: "papa"; likely a transcription error for pauper (poor man) or patria (fatherland) given the context of the poem is yours in the chaff and in the months. After some [time], after much time. And the rustics themselves through all the years of the world. Soon, the kingdoms where he ruled—or just as he says of his own fields—they beat upon their mules. The strong soldiers—better he says the empire—tests the sound of its arms, or he who has carried out a similar war; those who carry the arms of their fathers, who carried out every war.

By Louis VIII Louis VIII "The Lion" (r. 1223–1226). The commentator is comparing the "audacious" soldiers in Virgil to the French king's recent campaigns, the most audacious, he traveled; yet he knows what is in the truth. While you wish, by carrying arms and conquering empires, to be praised. Newly plowed lands Novalia: fields that are plowed for the first time or left fallow to be renewed—that is, new things that are renewed every single year through seeds. The grass is placed in hope. Graft Reference to Eclogue 1.73: "Insere nunc, Meliboee, piros" (Graft your pear trees now, Meliboeus) for himself, indeed he says "happy" that is, fruitful as if therefore; but since he was happy, someone in your estates says this: if the shepherd had begun by his own right, not by that through which he is under the protection of a neighbor concerning a just [matter]—that is, to defend what he puts into his own pasture.

Scythia.

Ear of grain original: "Arista"—that is, those things which are allowed, even though they can be held by one possessing that ear of grain. Exile—or it might be a spring original: "funtina"; likely fontana or a plant that grows between fields and woods in the high city. Bitter to the he-goats, not the she-goats—bitter things for the taste of wine. For the she-goats are sweet. Maturity original: "Mora"—the ripe things which they do not bite off, proceeding from all. Soft chestnuts—that is, the poorly aged ones; soft because they are ripe, and pressed together original: "presse"; likely referring to pressi copia lactis (abundance of pressed curds/cheese) when the cheeses smoke through to the evening, the countryside prepares. Larger shadows are doubled as the coverings; soon they go Summarizing Eclogue 1.82-83: "And now the chimney tops of the villas smoke... and longer shadows fall from the high mountains".

Someone speaks in the persona of Virgil.
Caesar is introduced as a character by some.
He was burning original: "Ardebat"; the opening of Eclogue 2: Formosum pastor Corydon ardebat Alexin (The shepherd Corydon burned for the handsome Alexis), impatient; he loved and nourished.