Hekate-Selene-Artemis and Related Deities in the Greek Magical Papyri and Curse Tablets

...was named⁸³, which according to Stephanus of Byzantium was originally called "Dardania" original: Δαρδανία / Dardania; an ancient name associated with the island of Samothrace and the mysteries of Hekate⁸⁴; "the Chthonic" original: χθονία / chthonia; meaning 'of the earth' or 'subterranean' (B 550/51), as she is also named in Papyrus IV, Line 1443 (Price) and on a curse tablet⁸⁵. She receives this same epithet quite often elsewhere⁸⁶. As a subterranean goddess dwelling in the depths, she is invoked in B 563 as "the Abyssal" original: βυθία / bythia and in B 563 and E 855 as "the Dark" original: σκοτία / skotia, or in A 270 as "the Shadowy" original: σκοτείνη / skoteinē⁸⁷.

Therefore, the epiklesis A ritual title used in prayer or invocation. "Night" original: Νύξ / Nyx (E 857) is likely to be referred to her, so that "Night" here means "Goddess of the Hades-night"⁸⁸. Thus the epithet "the Nocturnal" original: νυχία / nychia (B 543, 550, E 855, G 882) is also to be assigned to her⁸⁹, and naturally "Possessor of Tartarus" original: ταρταροῦχος / tartarouchos (A 242), or "the Maiden who holds Tartarus" original: ταρταροῦχος παρθένος / tartarouchos parthenos (A 325) and "Mistress of Tartarus" original: ταρτάρου σημάντρια / tartariou sēmantria (A 338), since Apuleius⁹⁰ describes Hekate as "Trivia, powerful over the spirits of the dead" original Latin: manium potens Trivia and the Orphic Argonautica (977) describes her as "the Child of Tartarus" original: ταρταρόπαις / tartaropais⁹¹. Likewise, she can also be addressed with the epiklesis "the Dead One" original: νέκυια / nekyia (D 782)...

⁸³ See Strabo X 472.
⁸⁴ GRUPPE (op. cit. I 231) is to be rejected. ⁸⁵ AUDOLLENT 22 ff.
⁸⁶ She is called "Chthonic" original: χθονίη / chthoniē in the Orphic Hymn I 2, by Hippolytus (op. cit. I), in the Fragmenta Adespota in Nauck p. 689, by Theocritus (II 12), Plutarch (Isis and Osiris 44; Roman Questions 111), and by Macrobius (Saturnalia I 12, 23); "the Chthonic Nymph" original: νύμφη χθονίη / nymphē chthoniē appears in the Orphic Hymn LXXI 1 as Meilinoë, the goddess of the dead (ibid. 10: "Queen of the Underworld" original: καταχθονίων βασίλεια / katachthoniōn basileia) and therefore also appears on the magic table from Pergamon (70/71 W) as "Meilinoë" original: Μηλινόη / Mēlinōē, a form of Hekate. But the Erinyes The Furies are also called "the subterranean daughters of Hades" original: Ἀΐδεω χθόνιαι κόραι / Aidēō chthoniai korai (Orphic Hymn LXIX 8), and besides Demeter (Bruchmann 76/77), Artemis is also called "the Chthonic" in Orphic Hymn XXXVI 9, understood here either as Persephone-Kore or directly as Hekate.
⁸⁷ Hekate is also called "the Dark" original: σκοτία / skotia by Diodorus (I 96, 8), "the Dark One" original: σκοτόεσσα / skotoessa refers to Meilinoë (Orphic Hymn LXXI 8) and "the Shadowy" original: σκοτείνη / skoteinē to the Erinys Gorgo in John Tzetzes (Theogony 419).
⁸⁸ Hekate is called "of the Night" original: νυκτερίη / nykteriē in Orphic Hymn I 5, "Night-wandering" original: νυκτεροφοῖτος / nykterophoitos by Apollonius of Rhodes (IV 1018) and "Night-roaming" original: νυκτιπόλος / nyktipolos by Nonnos (Dionysiaca XLIV 195), just as the Erinyes and Eumenides are called "Nocturnal" original: νυκτέριαι / nykteriai (Orphic Hymn LXIX 2, LXX 10), as well as the Fates (ibid. LIX 17) and the "Night-wandering Artemis," i.e., Persephone or Hekate (ibid. XXXVI 6). In the same work (LV 3), Aphrodite is also called "of the Night," though this naturally refers not to the night of Hades, but to the night as a time for sexual intercourse.
⁸⁹ In Nonnos (Dionysiaca XLIV 193) Hekate is called "the Nightly" original: ἐννυχίη / ennychiē and in Orphic Hymn IX 3 Selene receives the same epithet, but Nonnos (op. cit. XLIV 202) also calls Artemis "the Nocturnal" original: νυχία / nychia. However, since Hekate is also called "the Nocturnal" by Lucian (Menippus 9) and even on the magic table from Pergamon (op. cit.) "the Nocturnal" original: Νυχίη / Nychiē appears equipped with a snake and sword—typical attributes of Hekate—we shall assign the epithet to the dark Hekate, especially since it also belongs to the subterranean Hermes (Aeschylus, Libation Bearers 727), Enyo (Nonnos, op. cit. XXIV 164), the Eumenides (Orphic Hymn LXX 9), and even to Hades himself (Kaibel, Epigrammata 237, 2), as it refers to the night of the underworld (Gruppe op. cit. II 1320, 9).
⁹⁰ Apology 31.
⁹¹ The Erinys is called "Possessor of Tartarus" original: ταρταροῦχος / tartarouchos or "of Tartarus" original: ταρταρίη / tartariē by Nonnos (op. cit. XXXVIII 88).