Yoga-Darsana: Sutras with the Commentary of Vyasa

the inferior kind having its origin in our knowledge of
defects in the objects, and the higher consisting in our dis-
regard for all such objects, not because of any undesirable
elements in them, but because of these being ‘not self’.

As the means tending to the accomplishment of the aforesaid
Exercise, the books lay down six methods called ‘preparatory practices.’ original: "parikarma"; these are purifying acts intended to steady the mind.
These are—(1) Peace of mind, brought about by friendly feel-
ings towards happy beings, sympathy with the suffering, joyous
regard for the virtuous and sympathetic disregard for the
vicious;—(2) Functioning towards objects—consisting of the
sensing of superphysical objects of sense;—(3) Joyous Res-
plendent function—tranquility of mind brought about by the
recognition of Intellect original: "Buddhi"; the higher determinative faculty of the mind., and of the Self as distinct from it;—
(4) Contemplation of dispassioned minds—of such people as
Nârada A semi-divine sage in Indian tradition known for his devotion and wisdom. and the like;—(5) Looking upon ordinary cognitions
as those of dream or sleep,—and (6) Contemplation of the
object of worship in the form of some divinity. Stress has
not been laid upon the order in which the last two have to
be practised. Practice and Dispassion are means to both
Conscious and Unconscious Meditation.

For the second-class yogin, the Practitioner original: "Yunjâna"; one who is actively engaged in the process of joining or yoking the mind., has been pres-
cribed what may be called ‘Disciplinary Yoga.’ The highest
form of this consists of—(1) Religious Austerity, the habi-
tuating of one’s body to the bearing of the ‘pairs of oppo-
sites’ Such as heat and cold, or pleasure and pain.,—(2) Study of works teaching Final Release, and
silent repetition of the Sacred Syllable original: "Pranava"; the holy sound 'Om'. and such other Sacred
Chants original: "Mantras".;—and (3) Devotion to God—the offering of one’s ac-
tions to the Lord, and the renouncing of all desire for fruits
of actions.

The direct purpose served by this Disciplinary Yoga is the
attenuation of the five afflictions original: "kleshas"; the root causes of suffering and mental agitation., troubles or obstacles,—in the
shape of—(1) Ignorance—the regarding of the non-eternal