Kepler's Complete Works, Vol. I (Opera Omnia)

In the year 1601 on the 14th/24th of December at 2:45 in the afternoon, the sun was eclipsed from the top down by over 9 points original: "Puncten oder Zölle." In historical astronomy, the sun's diameter was divided into 12 "points" or "digits" (Latin: digiti); 12 points signifies a total eclipse.: as much as I was able to calculate from the scorched image original: "verbrenten Schein." This refers to a pinhole projection, where the sun's light is passed through a small hole to project its image safely onto a surface. that fell through a hole, as noted on page 433 of The Optical Part of Astronomy original: "Astr. partis opticae"; refers to Kepler’s 1604 work Ad Vitellionem paralipomena, quibus astronomiae pars optica traditur (Vol II. 395). However, the inclinations the angle of the eclipse were not perfectly exact, as they did not provide the true midpoint; otherwise, I would have calculated one point more, as can be seen from the visible latitude at 2:44. For the true midpoint occurred between 2:20 PM and 3:12 PM, at which two times the eclipse was equal, meaning the midpoint was at 2:46 PM.

My calculation gives the midpoint at 2:31 PM, and suggests that 10½ points should have been covered. But if the correction is adjusted so that it occurred later, the eclipse also becomes smaller. Otherwise, the equation of time the difference between solar time and clock time can do nothing here.

The shadow from the moon this time hit the Earth's globe at the extreme North original: "Septentrion" across Greenland.

Consequences following the Eclipse of the Year 1601.

In France, the treachery of Marshal Biron Charles de Gontaut, Duke of Biron, who conspired against King Henry IV and was executed in 1602 broke out and was punished. The Duke of Savoy attacked Geneva but was driven back. In the Turkish Empire, a widespread and long-lasting rebellion arose throughout all of Asia. Livonia A historical region in the modern-day Baltic states was devastated by the Muscovites, followed by a terrible and unheard-of famine.

In the year 1605 on the 2nd/12th of October, there was also a great solar eclipse, which I observed in Prague. It began at 1:07 in the afternoon; the midpoint was at 2:18, measuring nearly 10 points in size, and it ended at 3:30. However, the timing is subject to debate due to other observations held in Antwerp, Aurich in East Friesland, and London in England.

My calculation gives 10½ points and the midpoint at 2:18, exactly as was observed.

In Naples original: "Neapolis" the sun was seen entirely covered, yet bright around the moon, like flames of fire This is a rare early description of the solar corona, the outer atmosphere of the sun visible only during a total eclipse.. My calculation gives the midpoint there at 2:46 PM, with the sun likewise entirely covered; specifically under the meridian that is 3½ degrees east of Uraniborg The famous observatory of Tycho Brahe on the island of Hven and at a polar altitude latitude of 41°.

Thus, the moon's shadow passed over Spain, Marseille, Italy, and Asia Minor, and left the Earth's surface in Persia.

Consequences following the Eclipse of the Year 1605.

The Pope placed Venice under interdict original: "in Bann gethan"; the Venetian Interdict of 1606–1607 was a major diplomatic struggle between the Papacy and the Republic of Venice, and both parties entered into war preparations. Peace was concluded with the Turks and with Bocskai Stephen Bocskai, leader of a rebellion in Hungary against the Habsburgs: a truce was also made in the Netherlands. The Imperial City of Donauwörth was declared under the Imperial Ban A form of outlawry in the Holy Roman Empire and was taken by the Duke of Bavaria. Brunswick was attacked by Henry Julius Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg but was preserved.