The Philosophical Writings, Vol. I

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General Science. The Universal Characteristic. Original: Scientia Generalis. Characteristica.

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
I. Preliminary Knowledge for the Encyclopedia or Universal Science Original: Praecognita ad Encyclopaediam sive Scientiam universalem . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
II. William Pacidius's FURTHER BEYOND Original: PLUS ULTRA. "William Pacidius" was a pseudonym often used by Leibniz; Pacidius is a Latinization of the Greek for "peaceful." or the beginnings and examples of GENERAL SCIENCE concerning the restoration and advancement of the sciences, as well as the perfection of the mind and the discovery of things for the public happiness Original: Guilielmi Pacidii PLUS ULTRA sive initia et specimina SCIENTIAE GENERALIS... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
III. William Pacidius Lubentianus's THE DAWN or THE BEGINNINGS OF GENERAL SCIENCE from Divine Light toward human happiness Original: Guilielmi Pacidii Lubentiani AURORA seu INITIA SCIENTIAE GENERALIS a Divina Luce ad humanam felicitatem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
IV. Beginnings and Examples of GENERAL SCIENCE concerning the restoration and advancement of the sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
V. Synopsis of the book titled: Beginnings and Examples of the New General Science for the Restoration and Advancement of the Sciences for public happiness . . . . . . 64
VI. Fragments concerning General Science Original: Bruchstücke, die Scientia generalis betreffend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
VII. William Pacidius's beginnings and examples of GENERAL SCIENCE, or of the restoration and advancement of the sciences for public happiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
VIII. Untitled, containing Examples to be added to the Beginnings of General Science Original: Specimina Initiis Scientiae generalis addenda . . . . 127
IX. Untitled, concerning the Precepts for the advancement of the sciences Original: Préceptes pour avancer les sciences . . . . . . 137
X. Discourse concerning THE METHOD OF CERTAINTY AND THE ART OF DISCOVERY Original: Discours touchant LA METHODE DE LA CERTITUDE ET L'ART D'INVENTER to end disputes and to make great progress in a short time . . . . 174
XI. Untitled, concerning the Universal Characteristic Original: Characteristica Universalis . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
XII. Dialogue, August 1677 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
XIII. }
XIV. }
XV. } Preliminary works for the general characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
XVI. }
XVII. }
XVIII. Example of the universal calculus Original: Specimen calculi universalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
XIX. } Attempts concerning calculation with concepts represented by
XX. } mathematical symbolic language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228