The original page shows signs of aging, including foxing (brown spotting) and a digital watermark from the digitization process in the bottom right corner.

Introduction

§. 1.

All sciences other than philosophy have objects that are granted immediately by representationGerman: Vorstellung. This refers to our ordinary, everyday way of thinking using mental images or common-sense ideas, rather than rigorous logical definitions.. Therefore, at the very beginning of these sciences, their objects are taken as given, just as the specific definitions deemed necessary for further progress are also drawn from our mental representations.

A science of this kind does not have to justify the necessity of the object it treats. Mathematics in general, geometry, arithmetic, jurisprudence, medicine, zoology, botany, and so forth, are permitted to presuppose that there exist such things as magnitude, space, number, law, diseases, animals, plants, and so on. That is to say, these objects are accepted by our representation as existing. It does not occur to anyone to doubt the beingGerman: Seyn. In this context, it refers to simple, unexamined existence or "thereness." of such objects, or to demand that it be proven from the conceptGerman: Begriff. For Hegel, the "Concept" is the rational, internal necessity of a thing. Unlike other sciences, philosophy must prove why its subject matter exists rather than just assuming it does. that magnitude, space, disease, animals, or plants must exist in and for themselves. — For such an object, the well-known name is mentioned first. This name provides a fixed point, but at first it gives only