Sangita Ratnakara

5. Common Tones original: "Sādhāraṇa"; refers to overlapping notes between different scales
6. Melodic Ornamentation original: "Varṇālaṅkāra"; the "color" or movement of notes and their artistic embellishments
7. Melodic Types original: "Jāti"; the ancient classification of melodies that preceded the modern Raga system
8. Song Styles original: "Gīti"

In the Calcutta edition,¹ the first of these chapters original: "prakaraṇas" is called the Introductory section and the rest of the book original: "adhyāya" is divided into seven sections. In the Preface² there, the fifth section is called Common Tones and the Melodic Ornamentation is spoken of as the fourth; but in the text itself the order of these sections is as given in the present edition. I am adding a detailed list of contents, which, it is hoped, will be of use to the readers to understand the whole subject matter at a glance.

Śārṅgadeva, the author of the Ocean of Music original: "Saṅgītaratnākara"; the most influential 13th-century Sanskrit treatise on Indian music and dance, gives some information about himself in the beginning of the work,³ before he begins the summary of the work, in the first chapter of the first book. The first verse is an auspicious invocation original: "maṅgala". Then he speaks of his family,⁴ which traces its origin to Kashmir.⁵ The family goes back to the sage Vṛṣagaṇa.⁶ In that family there was one Bhāskara,⁷ who migrated to the south.⁸ His son

¹ Preface, p. ii.
² p. iii.
³ Verses 2-14.
⁴ original: "अस्ति स्वस्तिगृहं वंशः" "There is a lineage that is the home of well-being": verse 2.
⁵ original: "श्रीमत्काश्मीरसंभवः" "Born in the glorious land of Kashmir": Ibid.
⁶ original: "ऋषेर्वृषगणाज्जातः" "Born from the sage Vṛṣagaṇa": Ibid.
⁷ original: "तत्राभूद्भास्करप्रख्यः" "There was one as radiant as the sun [Bhāskara]": verse 4.
⁸ original: "अलंकर्तुं दक्षिणाशां यश्चक्रे दक्षिणायनम्" "Who made a journey to the south to adorn the southern region": Ibid.