GLOSSARY. 521

Aspiration is often omitted, with a "media" (the consonants b, d, g) or m being occasionally found with an aspiration: compare gh 1185; dh 1134, 1298; mh 160, 655.

a. VII. Apparently a mere helping vowel used after certain particles: compare o-s-a 7555, 7755, "since it is"; 2744 ma-s-a, "if it is"; especially before pronominal infixes pronouns placed inside a verb or particle, such as oc a bar 2669; nach-a 662, 2920, 3178, 4663², 4957, 5330, 6047, 6679 [compare nach-u 6087, 6789, 8092]; co n-a 3012; o n-a 7377; d'an-a 7520; mar-a 7464.

abann. [Feminine] "river"; — found only in the plural nominative aibne, 4285; [in the singular it is an n-stem; compare Annals of the Four Masters volume iii, 1992, genitive na habann ("of the river"); 2122 dative do'n abainn ("to the river")].

abb. [Masculine] "abbot; at lines 362 and 6340 it refers to the Pope"; — singular nominative, 362, 544, 52, 56, 59, 6341; abbas 632; accusative, abbaid 576, 6340; dative, abbaid 572, but abb 583; genitive, abbad 527, 56, 61, 66, 590, 619.

abba. (?) "cause"; 1961 fil a abba do (?) ("there is a cause for it?"); in the phrase cid ed ar abba 2688, meaning "nevertheless" literally: "though it be for that cause"; [compare Leabhar Breac 226 β 7: "but for that cause we shall arise at the end of three days and a half after that"; compare Annals of the Four Masters year 1257: ar aba gona, "on account of his wound"; 1583 ar aba a fialusa, "on account of his relationship"].

abbdaine. [Feminine] "abbotship; supremacy"; — singular accusative, 2272 géba apdaine 7 cumachta fors-in domun ("you shall take the abbotship and power over the world"); — genitive, 651 iar ngabail abbdaine ("after taking the abbotship"); — dative, 649, 53 i n-abbdaine ("in the abbotship"); 6385 i n-abdaine for ainglib ("in supremacy over angels").

ab[bd]ainecht. [Feminine] "supremacy"; — singular nominative, 7070 ic a ra-bi a. 7 rigi in domain-sea ("who had the supremacy and kingship of this world").

abcolips. "the Apocalypse"; — singular dative, 5198 amal demniges Eoin sin isind a. ("as John confirms that in the Apocalypse").

abis. "abyss"; in the phrase abis fessa, "abyss of knowledge," applied to the apostle Thomas, 6816.

abstanait. [Feminine] from Latin abstinentia original: abstinentia; "abstinence"; usually joined with áine ("fasting"); — singular nominative, abstanait 4955, 70

89; 4932 abstanit; — accusative, abstanait 4185, 4938 ('nit), 5613, 7110 apstanait; — dative, abstanait 4777, 4944, 47, 49, 54, 88, 6193, 6321 aps.; — genitive, abstan[t]e 4733; abstainte 4780, 5209; abstanaite 5548.

acall-. "to address," used with the accusative; the dependent original: "enclitic" form is from the root ad-glad-; [A] adglàdur, [Z] àccall- (references: Zm. 17, 68; RC.vi. 136); the standard independent original: "orthotonic" forms do not occur here; — indicative present 3rd person plural, 3756 ni acallut nach duine ("they do not address any person"); — subjunctive present 2nd person singular, 2601 co ro-aicille he ("that you may address him"); 1st person plural, 692 tabair chucaind L., co ro-scallam he ("bring Lazarus to us, that we may address him"); — 8117 esti frinne co n-aicillem thú ("listen to us that we may address you"); 8182 co n-acaillium thú ("that we may address you"); present 1st person singular (deponent), 2759 co ro-aiciller tú ("that I may address you"); — secondary present 3rd person singular, 2528 dula . . . co ro-acallad he ("going . . . so that he might address him").

acallam. [Feminine] [= ad-glad-mâ, which, in dependent forms, becomes àcldam, and with a helping vowel and sound-matching becomes àcallam]; "address, conversation, interview." The dative singular, acallaim, is used as an infinitive a verbal noun following the preceding verb; — singular nominative, 7001 co mad gné n-onore leó an n-acallam do'n rig hi coccur, "that the secrecy of their interview with the king might be a kind of honor to them"; dative, 1325, 1891, 2602, 24, 43, 3702, 23, 3807, 7244 do acallaim ("to address"); 3702 atconncumair-ne [Ísu] oc acallaim a apstal ("we saw [Jesus] addressing his apostles").

acarb. "bitter, rough"; probably the same as athgarb original: athgarb, with some influence from the Latin acerbus original: acerbus. — singular nominative, 3478, eccennais accarb do na pecdachaib ("unnatural and bitter to the sinners"); 3561 gné ecennais accarb ("an unnatural, bitter appearance"); accusative, 6154 adchossán aigthide accarb ("a terrible, bitter rebuke"); — adverb, 5341 fuaccras co hacarb ("he proclaims bitterly"); 8209 tecait co hagarb etrócar ("they come roughly and mercilessly").

acc. "no"; 495 acc etir ("not at all"); compare Battle of Magh Rath 258.

accad. [Masculine] "striving" (?); — singular dative, 341 batar ic accad fri S. ("they were striving against Stephen").

accáine. [Masculine] "lamentation"; used as an infinitive, "bewailing"; — singular nominative, 4328 biaid dóib aireigmech 7 accáine ("they will have complaining and lamentation"); dative, 376 oc occaine ("bewailing"); 4268 oc accáine sin ("bewailing that").

accairbe. [Feminine] "bitterness"; — singular accusative, 3472 ro-díchuir a. in forcetail rechtaide ("he banished the bitterness of the legal teaching").

accobar. [Neuter] "desire," see atco- referring to the verb atcobair