PART II.

OF THE PASSIONS.

SECTION I.

Division of the Subject.

I shall here take advantage of this common original: "vulgar" and plausible division so that I may proceed with greater order; and having said all I thought necessary concerning our ideas, I shall now explain those violent emotions or passions: their nature, origin, causes, and effects.

When we take a survey of the passions, there occurs a division of them into direct and indirect. By direct passions, I mean those that arise immediately from good or evil, from pain or pleasure. By indirect passions, I mean those that proceed from the same principles, but through the conjunction of other qualities. I cannot justify or explain this distinction any further at present. I can only observe in general that under the indirect passions, I include pride, humility, ambition, vanity, love, hatred, envy, pity, malice, and generosity, along with their related emotions. Under the direct passions, I include desire, aversion, grief, joy, hope, fear, despair, and security. I shall begin with the former.