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| Papillary original: "Papillaris"; likely referring to nipple-wort or plants with nipple-like structures | 318 |
| Papyrus | 194 |
| Nile Papyrus | 195 |
| Papyrus of the Ancients | 10 |
| Pellitory-of-the-wall original: "Parietaria" | 307 |
| Whitlow-grass original: "Paronychia" | 448 |
| Feverfew original: "Parthenium" | 364 |
| Lobel’s Sparrow-wort | 480 |
| Tragus’s Sparrow-wort | ibid. |
| Parsnip (according to the Ancients and in general) | 390 |
| Cultivated Parsnip | ibid. |
| Wild Parsnip | 390 |
| Various other species and differences of Parsnip | 390. & 391. |
| Our Father original: "Pater noster", Root of Saint Helen | 245 |
| Pavate tree | 113 |
| Shepherd’s Needle original: "Pecten Veneris"; literally "Venus's Comb" | 392 |
| Cretan Shepherd’s Needle | 392 |
| Lousewort original: "Pedicularis" | 476 |
| Bulbous Lousewort | ibid. |
| Alpine Lousewort | 477 |
| Stavesacre original: "Pedicularia" | 528 |
| Hatchet Vetch original: "Pelecimum" | 155 |
| Sea Pen | 570 |
| Cinquefoil original: "Pentaphyllon" | 169 |
| Upright Cinquefoil | 169 |
| Indian Cinquefoil | 171 |
| Prostrate Cinquefoil and other Cinquefoil species | 170. 171 |
| Shining Alpine Cinquefoil | 169 |
| Pumpkin original: "Pepo" | 133 |
| Parsley-piert of the English | 392 |
| Pellitory original: "Perdicaria" | 307 |
| Thorough-wax original: "Perfoliata" | 408 |
| Podded Thorough-wax | 272 |
| Various species of Thorough-wax | ibid. |
| Honeysuckle original: "Periclymenum" | 113 |
| Various species of Honeysuckle | 114 |
| Peach tree | 11 |
| Smartweed original: "Persicaria" | 564 |
| Burdock original: "Personata" | 514 |
| Locust’s Foot | 437 |
| Lion’s Foot original: "Pes Leonis"; Lady's Mantle | 172 |
| Butterbur original: "Petasites" | 513 |
| Butterbur with angular leaves | ibid. |
| Peruvian Petita likely a reference to Tobacco or a similar New World plant | 22 |
| Macedonian Parsley | 397 |
| Hog’s Fennel original: "Peucedanum" | 386 |
| Spider-wort (according to the Ancients and in general) | 222 |
| Spider-wort with a Lily flower | ibid. |
| Canary Grass original: "Phalaris" | 179 |
| Kidney Bean original: "Phaseolus" | 136 |
| Beans of the Black Peoples original: "Nigritarum" | 138 |
| Beans of the New World | 137 |
| Alpinus’s Lablab Bean | 140 |
| Laburnum Bean | 143 |
| Various small beans | 137 |
| So-called Sea-bronze beans | 141 |
| Macouna Bean | 139 |
| African Beans | 137 |
| Brazilian Beans | 138 |
| Various other exotic beans | 136. 139. 140 |
| Valonia Oak original: "Phegos" | 55 |
| Pliny’s Water Dropwort | 405 |
| Cork Oak original: "Phellodrys" | 57 |
| Reed and Scabious original: "Phlæos & Stæbe" | 344 |
| Date Palm original: "Phœnix" | 178 |
| Valerian original: "Phù" | 410 |
| Mock Privet original: "Phyllirea" | 42 |
| with Alaternus leaves | ibid. |
| with Holm-oak leaves | ibid. |
| with somewhat broad leaves | ibid. |
| narrow-leaved | ibid. |
| Hart’s Tongue Fern | 557 |
| Various other species of Hart’s Tongue | ibid. |
| Lobel’s Mock Privet tree | 42 |
| Mock Privet and Mahaleb Cherry | ibid. |
| Dog’s Mercury (female) original: "Phyllon theligonon" | 308 |
| Leaf-plant or "The Leaf" | ibid. |
| Plant similar to the Leaf-plant | 558 |
| Montpellier Rampion | 456 |
| Dwarf Spruce | 68 |
| Spruce of the Latins | ibid. |
| Sea-ball original: "Pila marina"; fibrous balls of seagrass | 570 |
| Mouse-ear (according to the Ancients and in general) | 323 |
| Podded Mouse-ear | 277 |
| Various other species of Mouse-ear | 323. 372 |
| Oak leaf galls original: "Pilulæ foliorum Quercus" | 56 |
| Burnet in general original: "Pimpinella" | 398 |
| Greater Burnet Saxifrage | 398 |
| Lesser Burnet Saxifrage | ibid. |
| Various species of Burnet | 398 |
| Creeping Wild Pine | 69 |
| Gesner’s Butterwort | 510 |
| Pine tree | 69 |
| Wild Pine, Mountain Pine | ibid. |
| Swiss Pine original: "Cembro" | ibid. |
| Other species of Pine and Wild Pine | 70 |
| Fruit with the appearance of a Pine cone | 71 |
| Purgative Pine kernels | 22 |
| Pepper | 125 |
| Black Pepper: Hermia | ibid. |
| Tailed Pepper (Cubeb) | ibid. |
| Monardes’s Long Pepper | 125 |
| Grains and clusters of Tailed Pepper, the same. | ibid. |
| Pepper from Florida | 126 |
| Clusius’s Long Pepper | ibid. |
| Black People’s Pepper original: "Piper Nigrorum" | ibid. |
| Podded Ethiopian Pepper | ibid. |
| Black and White Pepper | 125 |
| Guinea Pepper (Capsicum) | 297 |
| Indian Pumpkin | 132 |
| Pistachio | 19 |
| Pea | 144 |
| Tufted Proliferous Pea | ibid. |
| Indian Peas | 144. 145 |
| Large Red Peas | 144 |
| Larger White Peas | ibid. |
| Small Green Peas | ibid. |
| Pea of the Greeks | 145 |
| A beautiful kind of exotic Pea | 402 |
| American Pea | 403 |
| Various other images of Indian and exotic Peas | 403 |
| Wild Pea | 146 |
| Anguillara’s Pitine | 148 |
| Pitch | 74 |
| Plantain (according to the Ancients and in general) | 497 |
| Common Greater Plantain | ibid. |
| Rose Plantain | ibid. |
| Lobel’s Navel Plantain | 499 |
| Water Plantain | 567 |
| Various other Plantains | 498. 499 |
| Net-shaped Sea Plant | 576 |
| Yellow-flowered Valerian original: "Polemonium" | 80 |
| Jacob’s Ladder original: "Polemonium" | 446 |
| Germander original: "Polium" | 431 |
| Venetian and Egyptian Germander, the same. | ibid. |
| Milkwort original: "Polygala" | 452 |
| Various species of Milkwort | ibid. |
| Milkwort of the Ancients | 153 |
| Cortusus’s Milkwort | ibid. |
| Smaller Rock Milkwort | ibid. |
| Knotgrass original: "Polygonum" | ibid. |
| Dalechamps’s Sea Knotgrass | 35 |
| Female Knotgrass | 552 |
| Various other species of Knotgrass | 454 |
| Solomon’s Seal original: "Polygonatum" | 505 |
| Broad-leaved Solomon’s Seal | ibid. |
| Narrow-leaved Solomon’s Seal | ibid. |
| Polypody Fern | 558 |
| Exotic Polypody | ibid. |
| Pliny’s Many-rooted plant | 329 |
| Maidenhair or Venus-hair | 516 |
| Adam’s Apples often referring to Citrons | 5 |
| Jerusalem Apple | 335 |
| Wondrous Apple | ibid. |
| Apple of Jericho | 525 |
| Poplar | 60 |
| Poplar of the New World | 61 |
| White Poplar | ibid. |
| Libyan Poplar (Aspen) | ibid. |
| Leek | 290 |
| Chives original: "Porrum sectiuum" | ibid. |
| Wild Leek | 201 |
| Cultivated Purslane | 536 |
| Wild Purslane | ibid. |
| Snaky Pore original: "Porus anguinus"; likely a type of coral or sea growth | 575 |
| Pondweed original: "Potamogeton" | 562. 563 |
| Silverweed original: "Potentilla" | 172 |
| Primrose in general | 490 |
| Various species of Primrose | ibid. |
| Self-heal original: "Prunella" | 473 |
| Smallest Self-heal | ibid. |
| Various other species of Self-heal in the following. | 473. |
| Plum tree | 12 |
| Mad Plum original: "Prunula insana"; likely Datura or a similar narcotic fruit | 22 |
| Plum called Myrobalan | 13 |
| False Bastard-orchid | 257 |
| False China Root | 116 |
| False Galingale | 195 |
| Corncockle original: "Pseudo-Melanthium" | 443 |
| False Spikenard | 425 |
| Female False Spikenard | ibid. |
| False Coral | 573 |
| Scab original: "Psora"; likely referring to a plant used to treat skin diseases | 335 |
| Greater Fleawort | 501 |
| Lesser Fleawort | 501 |
| Sneezewort original: "Ptarmica" | 368 |
| Pennyroyal original: "Pulegium" | 420 |
| Pliny’s Male Pennyroyal | ibid. |
| Hart’s Pennyroyal | ibid. |
| Lungwort | 518. 558 |
| Narrow-leaved Lungwort and various other species | 518. 519 |
| Pasque-flower in general | 464 |
| Various species of Pasque-flower | ibid. |
| Firethorn original: "Pyracantha" | 52 |
| Pyramidal or Columnar plant | 266 |
| Pellitory-of-Spain original: "Pyrethrum" | 384 |
| Wild Pellitory | 368 |
| Wintergreen in general original: "Pyrola" | 506 |
| Wintergreen with saw-toothed leaves | ibid. |
| Shrubby Wintergreen | 507 |
| Smallest Alpine Wintergreen | ibid. |
| Pear tree | 1 |
| Many-flowered Pear | ibid. |