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| Wild Mustard and various other Mustard species | 274 & seq. | Styrax A fragrant resin | 74 | All-good original: Tota bona; likely Chenopodium bonus-henricus | 433 |
| White Garden Mustard | 274 | Styrax tree & its tear resin drop | 609, 73 | Poison original: Toxicum | 530 |
| Sion, or Water Parsley | 404 | Cork Oak | 604, 57 | Tragacanth A natural gum | 611, 87 |
| Sifon, Sinon & Sinnon Stone Parsley | 398 | Cork-bearing Oak | ibid. | Tragacanth 2, perhaps Poterium | 88 |
| Skirret | 401 | Amber or Electrum | 74 | Goat's Beard in general | 331 |
| Greater Sisyrinchium Iris family | 244 | Devil's-bit Scabious | 338 | Throatwort in general | 265 |
| Lesser Sisyrinchium | 244 | Sycamore | 8 | Various species of Throatwort | 265 |
| Cardamine of the Ancients & Sisymbrium in general | 282 | —— Egyptian | ibid. | Tragium A medicinal plant, possibly Pimpinella | 457 |
| —— Cyprian | ibid. | The other Tragium of Dioscorides | 415 |
| Various species of Cardamine Sisymbrium | 282 | Pliny’s Symphony | 303 | Goat's Oregano | 421 |
| Medium Water-parsnip | 404 | Greater Comfrey | 518 | Various species of Goat's Beard | 331 |
| Largest broad-leaved Water-parsnip | ibid. | Tuberous Comfrey | ibid. | Tragus of the Ancients | 87 |
| Garden Bindweed | 136 | Spotted Comfrey | ibid. | Trasi Earth almonds/Tigernuts | 195 |
| Rough Bindweed | 115 | Rock Comfrey | 475 | Water Caltrop | 562 |
| Acorn-bearing Smilax tree | 57 | Lilac original: Syringa | 63 | Land Caltrop | 155 |
| Rough Bindweed of the Island of Zante | 115 | | T | | Maidenhair Spleenwort | 555 |
| Smooth Bindweed | 121 | Tobacco, Greater Tobacco | 525 | Aquatic Maidenhair | 563 |
| Alexanders original: Smyrnium | 399 | Lesser Tobacco | 527 | Three-fingered Saxifrage | 559 |
| Nightshade | 522 | Garcia’s Tabaxir Silica from bamboo joints | 607, 67 | Clover/Trefoil in general | 159 |
| Apple-bearing Nightshade Eggplant or Tomato | 524 | Tacamahaca A medicinal resin | 74 | Sour Trefoil Wood sorrel | 168 |
| Bladder-cherry Nightshade | ibid. | Tamarisk or Myrica | 610, 75 | Shrubby Trefoil | 80 |
| Sleep-inducing Nightshade | ibid. | Tamarinds | 60 | White Clover | 160 |
| Raging Nightshade | 523 | Tamarind tree | ibid. | Silvery Trefoil | 159 |
| Tree-like Nightshade | ibid. | Tansy | 365 & 366 | Liver-leaf Trefoil Hepatica | 164 |
| Sea Bindweed | ibid. | Marigold original: Tagetes | 358 | Double-flowered Liver-leaf | 165 |
| Bindweed related to Sea Bindweed | ibid. | Tarragon | 368 | Simple-flowered Liver-leaf | 164 |
| Horseshoe Vetch | 155 | Tartonraire of Montpellier | 47 | Cretan Shield Trefoil | ibid. |
| Herb related to Horseshoe Vetch | ibid. | Tarula | 525 | Bladder Trefoil | 163 |
| Mountain Sea-bindweed | 281 | Taxocoquamoctli A Mexican medicinal plant | 83 | Shrub Trefoil | 81 |
| Sow-thistle of the Ancients & in general | 316 | Yew tree | 69 | Bladder-cherry Trefoil | 160 |
| Blue broad-leaved Sow-thistle | ibid. | Pine torch-wood | ibid. | Scented Trefoil | 158 |
| Various other species and differences of Sow-thistle | 316, 317 | Scorpion-like Telephium | 284 | Bitumen Trefoil | 160 |
| Service Tree | ibid. | Tembul of the Ethiopians | 33 | American Trefoil | ibid. |
| Wild Service Tree | 2 | Turpentine tree | 19 | Four-leaved relative of Trefoil | 165 |
| —— for griping pains | ibid. | Indian Turpentine tree | ibid. | Prickly Cretan Trefoil | 164 |
| —— Alpine | ibid. | Earth-cracker original: Terracrepola; a type of dandelion | 317 | Meadow Clover & various other Clover species | 161, 163, 164 |
| Sorghum | 176 | Turmeric original: Terra merita | 245 | | |
| Bur-reed | 198 | Watermelon original: Tetranguria | 133 | Tripolium of the Ancients & in general | 333 |
| Broom and its various species and differences | 86 | Germander | 429 | Lesser Tripolium | ibid. |
| Stinking Gladwin | 244 | Spanish & Cretan Germander | 429 | Wheat | 173 |
| Spelt | 174 | Skullcap original: Tertionaria | 475 | Ash-colored Wheat | ibid. |
| Spurry | 549 | Thapsia Deadly carrot | 388 | Cow Wheat | 477 |
| Sea-sphere A type of seaweed or coral | 570 | Other species of Thapsia | 606 | Peruvian Wheat Maize/Corn | 174 |
| Yellow Thorn | 353 | Thapsia with the appearance of a Carrot | 405 | Clustered Wheat | 171 |
| Montpellier Buckthorn | 42 | Meadow-rue | 489 | Turkish Wheat Maize | 174 |
| Spinach | 303 | Most beautiful Meadow-rue | ibid. | Tifina A type of grain | 116 |
| Spiraea of Theophrastus | 44 | Greater and Lesser Meadow-rue | ibid. | Deer Truffle Elaphomyces | 591 |
| Cow Parsnip | 402 | Thlaspi Penny-cress of the Ancients & in general | 290 | Truffles | ibid. |
| Sail-sponges and others | 579 | Various other species and differences of Thlaspi | 291 & seq. | Our local Tuberaria | 99 |
| Funnel-shaped Sponge | 579 | Cretan Thlaspi | 291 | Sea-tubes Pipe-worms or tubular coral | 575 |
| Branched Sponge | ibid. | Thlaspi with hairy pods | ibid. | Tulip of the Ancients & in general | 228 |
| Stone Sponge | ibid. | Thora A highly toxic buttercup | 530 | Early Red Tulip | ibid. |
| Sun Sponge | 559 | Thumna | 260 | Early Yellow Tulip | ibid. |
| Scaly-root | 285 | Thuya of Theophrastus | 73 | Various other species of Tulip | 229 & seq. |
| Stacte Oil of Myrrh | 74 | Frankincense | 73, 74 | Tower Mustard | 388 |
| Stavesacre Larkspur species | 528 | Hooded leaf of Frankincense | 7 | Turpeth A medicinal root | 271 |
| Bladdernut | 18 | Savory | 423 | Coltsfoot | 535 |
| Cortusus’s Leguminous Star | 156 | Thymelaea Spurge-flax | 46 & 47 | Lesser Alpine Coltsfoot | 511 |
| Stoebe & Phlaeos Knapweed types | 344 | Thyme | 421 | Alpine Coltsfoot with Doronicum leaf | ibid. |
| French Lavender | 424 | Creeping Thyme | 422 | | 340 |
| Various species of French Lavender | ibid. & 425 | Lime/Linden tree | 59 | | V |
| German Yellow-lavender | 369 | Bulrush or Cat-tail | 198 | Cowherb | 448 |
| Various other species and differences of Yellow-lavender | 369, 370 | Spurge of the Ancients & in general | 532 | Marsh Bilberry | 41 |
| Stramonium, Thorn-apple | 525 | Sun Spurge | 533 | Very good original: Valde bona; likely a Clary Sage | 387 |
| Soapwort original: Struthium | 447 | Warty Spurge | 534 | Hellebore | 527 |
| Strychnodendros Tree-nightshade | 523 | Sea Spurge | 534 | Valerian of the Ancients & in general | 410 |
| | | Leafless Spurge | 535 | Bulbous Valerian | 411 |
| | | Various species of Spurge | 353 & seq. | Tuberous Valerian | ibid. |
| | | Tocotgebit An Arabic or exotic name for a resin | 74 | Greek Valerian | 412 |