Parts of the Treatise on Plants

The leaf of opening original: waraqat al-taftīḥ; likely referring to a leaf used to open pores or treat obstructions

...a wide stalk. It has leaves resembling the leaves of Madder original: al-quwwa; Rubia tinctorum, a plant famous for its red dye and medicinal root. It bears seeds that are similar to white cowpeas original: al-lūbiyā; black-eyed peas or similar legumes in both shape and color. It possesses a moisture that is sticky to the touch. This substance is gathered and boiled into a light ointment, then scattered and smeared onto wooden sticks to be used in place of a lamp This indicates the plant was resinous or oily enough to be used for lighting. As for the resin that exudes from the seeds, if the body is rubbed with it, it softens the skin's roughness.

Asuphon, which means Asbat al-Mahruth original: Asūfūn / Asbaṭ al-maḥrūth; likely Isopyron, sometimes called "Small-leaved Meadow-rue" or a similar field herb

A hand-painted botanical illustration depicting a plant with two crossing branches. One branch features light yellow-green, pinnate leaves, while the other features darker green, ovate leaves. Hanging from the junction of the branches are three elongated, brownish-red seed pods or catkins. To the right of the foliage, there is a cluster of small, delicate red dots, likely representing flowers or berries.

Some people call it Phaseolos original: fāsīlyūz; the Greek name for kidney beans or similar climbing legumes because it resembles the Aegilops plant original: al-‘āsilas; a type of wild grass or weed often found in grain fields. In the opinion of some people, it is the white cowpea. It was given this name because, from the locations where the leaves grow, there emerges something resembling threads that wind like...