OBSERVATION.

The first species of this type, or rather a variety, is called the Royal aromatic Clove by Plukenet in Almagest page 88, and is shown in Phytographia Table 155, Figure 5. It is also called the Clove with an oblong, abortive, less scaly fruit from the Island of Ambon by Breynius in his Second Prodromus, page 50 of the second edition, as well as the Amboinese Royal Clove of Rumphius in the same work. There, a note is excellently added by Johannes Philippus Breynius, the son: "These Cloves, which are called Royal, do not differ in species, in my judgment, from the preceding ones, nor should they truly be called fruits, but rather the abortive rudiments of flowers and fruits, monstrously luxuriant with mere scales and wandering from their purpose, which never emerge from here as perfect flowers or fruits. Otherwise, they recall the odor and flavor of the Aromatic Cloves of the Apothecaries Latin: Caryophyllorum aromaticorum Officin.—referring to the standard cloves sold in European pharmacies. and possess their virtues; whether they surpass them in a higher degree, as some have thought, must be decided by experience alone." Concerning these, see further Weinmann, Phytanthoza page 63, Table 325, letter a, as well as Rumphius's observation 21, page 53 in the Academy of Natural Curiosities, decade 2, year 1, where their figures are also found, and his Letter 5, page 403 and Letter 8, page 421 in Valentyn’s Museum Museorum Table 2, and Book 2, Section V, Chapter VII, and Amman, Handbook of Materia Medica Chapter 8, Section IX, page 96, and François Valentyn, Description of Ambon pages 195 and 196, Table 32, as well as Linschoten’s Itinerary, Chapter 65. The remaining figures are to be regarded as nothing but varieties of nature wandering monstrously or rather luxuriating, which, since Rumphius took care to have them painted, we include here as well. The Clove tree is described by Munting in The Cultivation of Plants Book 2, Chapter 3, but it is expressed with a very defective figure.

CHAPTER FOUR

Wild Clove, Tsjencke Oetan.

The Wild Clove tree usually grows higher and with a wider crown than the domestic one, and mostly rises as a single trunk. The leaf stalks are also longer, firm, and green; its leaves are much larger and are also opposite, but not so exactly, mostly forming an oblique cross. On younger trees, the leaf stems are shorter, or they cover the branch with a wider area than on older ones, in which two forms are likewise observed: for at the beginning of the rainy months, the upper leaves are much wider and rounder, but in the dry months they are pointed, more closely resembling true Clove leaves, nine, ten, and thirteen fingers long and four wide; however, on younger trees they are smaller. Otherwise, they are also smooth, but not shining, nor as hard as the common Clove. The edges of the leaves are also wavy and arched, and the leaves are woven with thinner parallel transverse veins, but not as close as the common ones, and at the edges they are joined in a straight curve like those of the Cajoe Mera Malay: Kayu Merah, meaning "Red Wood." and Jambosa The genus containing rose apples and water apples, closely related to cloves.. For the Wild Clove is like a middle genus, which is related between the Jambosa and the wild tree called Cajoe Mera, having a great affinity with both. The middle vein of the leaf is also grooved like the leaf of the Cajoe Mera, but not as deeply.

When crushed, these leaves breathe a wild scent of cloves mixed with a certain acidity, by which they can also be easily recognized.

They also bear fruit in clusters like the domestic kind, but much fewer in number; for here and there one or another is located at the top of the small branches, and in those clusters only two, three, or four fruits stand together. They are of almost the same shape, but twice as large as the domestic ones, yet their head is not so wide. They bear flowers similar to the common ones; they are green for a long time and finally turn a little red, with a tawny and gray color mixed in. If they have produced flowers, Mother-cloves original: Anthophylli—cloves that have been allowed to ripen into a fleshy fruit. grow to the size of the berries of the large Varinga The Banyan tree or Ficus. fruit, or even a little longer, almost like a little finger. They are surrounded and covered with a dark red or purplish flesh about a knife's thickness, soft and juicy like other wild Jambosas, of an unpleasant taste joined with a certain

REMARKS.

The first species is called Caryophyllus Regius aromaticus by Plukenet in his Almagest page 88 and depicted in his Phytographia Table 155, Figure 5, and Clove with an oblong, abortive, less scaly fruit from the Island of Ambon by Breynius in his Second Prodromus page 50 of the second edition, as well as the Amboinese Royal Clove of Rumphius, where the following is very well added in the notes by Johannes Philippus Breynius, the son: "These Royal Cloves do not differ, as far as I can see, from the preceding ones in species, and are not to be held as true fruits, but rather as deviant beginnings of flowers and fruits consisting only of scales, monstrously deviating from nature's purpose; for which reason they also never grow out into true flowers or fruits. Furthermore, they have the smell and taste of the true spice Cloves used in the Apothecaries, whose powers they also possess, though whether they surpass them, as some have thought, is to be decided only by experience." Concerning these, see further Weinmann in the numerous names and Description of Plants page 78, Table 325, letter a, and the 21st Observation of Rumphius page 53 in the Academy of Natural Curiosities, decade 2, year 1, where their figure is also found, and his fifth letter page 403, as well as the eighteenth page 421 in Valentyn’s Museum Museorum Table 2, and Book 2, Chapter VII, Section V, and Amman, Handbook of Materia Medica Chapter 8, Section IX, page 96, and François Valentyn’s Description of Ambon pages 195 and 196, Table 32, and Linschoten’s Travel Description, Chapter 95. The remaining species are to be held as nothing other than monstrous changes caused by deviating or rather excessive nature. Because Rumphius had these depicted here, we also include them. The Clove tree was also described by Munting in the True Exercise of Plants in the second book, chapter 3, though poorly depicted in the plate.

CHAPTER IV.

Wild Clove Tree.

The wild Clove tree grows generally somewhat higher and with a broader crown than the tame one, mostly shooting up with a single trunk. The twigs are also longer, tough, and green; the leaves much larger, and also stand opposite each other, though not so precisely, and mostly in a slanted cross. On the young trees, their stems are somewhat shorter, or they clothe the stem so much more or further than on the old trees, where they are also of two kinds of shape: for in the beginning of the rainy Monsoon they fall broader and rounder at the front, but in the dry Monsoon they are pointed at the front, and more like the upright Clove leaves, nine, ten, and thirteen fingers long and four wide, though on the young trees they are somewhat smaller. Otherwise, they are also smooth, though not shiny, nor as stiff as the tame ones. The edges are also somewhat wavy and threaded with fine parallel transverse veins, though not so dense as the upright ones, and at the sides, woven together with a continuous arch, like those of the Cajoe Mera and Jambosa. For the wild Clove tree is like a medium species, which creates a kinship between the Jambosa and the wild tree Cajoe Mera, and has much in common with both. The middle vein of the leaf also has a groove, like that of Cajoe Mera, though not so deep.

When rubbed, they have a wild Clove scent mixed with some sourness, by which one can recognize them.

They also bear their fruits in crowns Refers to the terminal clusters or umbels., like the tame ones, but much fewer in number, standing here and there only one at the end of the twigs, and in the crowns there stand only 2, 3, or 4 beside each other. They are of almost the same fashion, though certainly twice as large as the tame ones, but the head is not so wide, having likewise such blossoms and small heads Dutch: Kabeletten—referring to the clove buds before they open. as the same. They remain green for a long time and finally become a little red, mixed with fallow and gray. And when they have bloomed, they also become Mother-cloves of the size of the berries of the fruits of the large Varinga, or even as long, and almost like a little finger, surrounded or encompassed with a dark-red or purplish flesh about a knife-thick, soft and juicy, as on the wild Jambosas, unpleasant of taste and with some acidity...