NEW PLANTS

There are several species of Cainito the Star Apple, Chrysophyllum cainito.
Cainito with leaves golden underneath and apple-shaped fruit.
Cainito with leaves golden underneath and olive-shaped fruit.
Cainito is an American name. Oviedo, History of the West Indies, book 8, 139.

CARAGUATA

Tillandsia? This likely refers to the genus known today as Tillandsia, a type of air plant Plate 33.

Caraguata is a genus of plant with a single-petaled monopetalous flower (A), bell-shaped and tubular, usually divided into three parts at the edges; from its calyx (C) the outer protective envelope of the flower rises a pistil the seed-bearing organ fixed like a nail to the back part of the flower (B), which then develops into an oblong, pointed, and parchment-like fruit (D), splitting from top to bottom into three parts (E), and filled with seeds that have a feathery down (F).

There are several species of Caraguata:
Broad-leafed Caraguata, with multiple spikes and a white flower.
Thin-leafed Caraguata, with fewer spikes.
Broad-leafed, club-shaped Caraguata.
Club-shaped and spiked Caraguata, with saw-toothed leaves.
Caraguata is an American name. Piso, book 4, chapter 82. referring to Willem Piso’s work on Brazilian natural history

KARATAS

Plate 33.

Karatas the Wild Pineapple, Bromelia karatas is a genus of plant with a single-petaled monopetalous flower (A), funnel-shaped, three-cleft, and sitting upon the calyx (B); this calyx later develops into a nearly conical, fleshy fruit (C), covered by a membrane that sits in four parts (D), and is divided into three compartments (E), filled with oblong seeds (F).

I have seen only one species of Karatas:
Karatas with very tall, very narrow, and prickly leaves.
Karatas is an American name common among the Islands.

ARAPABACA

Plate 31.

Arapabaca likely Wormgrass, Spigelia anthelmia is a genus of plant with a funnel-shaped flower (A), divided into many parts; from its calyx (B) rises a pistil (C), fixed like a nail to the lowest part of the flower, which then develops into a two-chambered bicapsular fruit (D, E), filled with seeds (F) that are for the most part very tiny.