On Poisonous Plants

2. Aromatics original: "Aromata", which are simultaneously warming, such as Laurel, Pepper, Nutmeg, Clove, Star Anise, Cinnamon, most of the natural order of umbellifers plants with umbrella-like flower clusters, such as carrots or parsley and nearly all from the ginger order; especially Coriander, Anise, Chervil, Costus, Turmeric, all Cardamoms, and Ginger.

3. Bitters original: "Amara", which correct acidic humors bodily fluids and strengthen the muscular fibers, such as Cinchona Peruvian bark, used for quinine, Birthwort, Quassia, Wormwood, Blessed Thistle, and Bogbean.

4. Astringents original: "Adstringentia", which firm and contract the fibers more strongly than Bitters and greatly thicken the humors; these provide us with the best remedies for discharges, whether of the bowels or of the blood, such as diarrhea and internal or external hemorrhages: such as Dragon’s Blood a bright red resin from various plants, Maltese Mushroom, Ash, Oak, Roses, and many plants of the Madder family.

5. Acids original: "Acida", which thin the fibers and especially dissolve and cool the gore of the blood, such as the pulp of Citron and Tamarind; seasonal fruits such as Pear, Apple, and Pomegranate; and sweet-acid berries such as Barberry, Bilberry, Grape, Currant, Blackberry, Mulberry, and others.

Since all these substances do not provide nourishment, nor are they able to nourish the body, but instead affect the healthy state in various ways and alter the diseased state, they indeed deserve the name of "poison," though of a milder sort; therefore, provided they are used only for a prolonged period, they can be called health-giving "altering remedies."

To the class of stronger poisons, we rightly refer:

6. Acrid substances original: "Acria", which according to the different [effects] they [produce] in different diseases...