⚠The left half of the page is obscured by a large, pasted-on strip of paper (likely a conservation repair or a cover). Approximately 50% of the text on the left side is hidden, though some characters are faintly visible through the paper.

AELIA LA?ELIA

CRISP?IS

original: "Aelia Laelia Crispis." This is the name given to the subject of the famous "Bologna Enigma," a mysterious Latin funerary inscription discovered in the 16th century at the Villa Volta. The inscription is famous for its paradoxical nature—describing a person who is "neither man, nor woman, nor hermaphrodite"—and has been interpreted by scholars as everything from an alchemical formula to a legal joke.

NOT BORN, RES?URGING

original: "Non nata resurgens." This Latin phrase refers to the paradoxical nature of the subject’s existence and suggests themes of rebirth or perhaps an alchemical "rising" of a substance.

FERRI[...] FRANCISCUS CRISPUS Francesco Crispi (Franciscus Crispus) was a 16th-century figure associated with the early publications and interpretations of this enigma in Bologna. [...] ?