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[Vaughan] Thomas Vaughan (1621–1666) was a prominent Welsh clergyman, philosopher, and alchemist who published under the name Eugenius Philalethes.
The central image is a colorful alchemical emblem. It depicts a "Pelican in its Piety"—a mother pelican wounding her own breast to feed her young with her blood. In alchemy, this represents the stage of "multiplication" or the sacrifice required to achieve the Philosopher's Stone. The four red roses below are a hallmark of Rosicrucian symbolism, representing the union of the physical and the spiritual. The inscription "Hermetic Philosophy" encircles the image, referencing the tradition of secret wisdom attributed to Hermes Trismegistus.