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PLATE II. A. 1. 2. Communion Bread, etc. These are unleavened breads used by the Greeks and Muscovites A historical term for Russians, referring to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. in their Mass, which are marked with either a single or double cross; the characters seen in the four corners mean: Jesus Christ Conquers. Original Greek: Ἰησὃς Χριστὸς Νικᾷ. B. The Star, (as they call it) which they place over the dish filled with Consecrated Bread to cover it, so that the linen cloth does not touch the Bread. C. The Bishop holding in his two hands g. h. the candlesticks with two and three branches. These are the Dikirion and Trikirion, used by Eastern bishops to bless the faithful. D. The Fan. The Rhipidion, a ceremonial fan used to keep insects away from the Eucharist. E. 1. 2. The Corban, or Communion Bread of the Copts, The word "Corban" or "Qurban" signifies an offering or sacrifice. upon which several crosses appear arranged in order in relief, with the inscription The Holy and The Strong. Original Greek: Ἅγιος ἰσχυρος. The Priest C. is shown here dressed in all his vestments, which are: a. The long robe. b. The stole. c. The sleeves of the robe. d. The round cloak, which descends in front to the waist and behind to the calves of the legs. e. A type of collar or cravat. f. A square piece of cloth, which hangs from the belt. This is the Epigonation, a symbolic thigh-shield representing a spiritual sword.

PLATE III. No. 1. The manner in which the Greeks at Easter await the Descent of the Holy Fire into the Holy Sepulchre, which these poor fools take for a Miracle, although it happens quite naturally by means of a tool for making fire that the Priest keeps hidden in his pockets. No. 2. The Distribution of the Holy Fire by the Patriarch, which takes place amidst a furious tumult of the people.

PLATE IV. No. 1. Mourning of Greek Women at Ramla, where hired mourners, after having sat around the tomb for half an hour, stand up to form a circle and struggle together while uttering terrible cries, etc. No. 2. Solemn Baptism of Greek and other Syrian Christians in the Jordan River, where everyone, without distinction of sex, throws themselves with the greatest devotion—entirely naked and all together—into the Jordan to be baptized and to baptize one another. Some take away only wet linens, others draw water into flasks, and others even take earth and herbs from the riverbank back to their own countries.

PLATE V. No. 1. 1. Armenian Priest in sacerdotal dress. 2. Armenian Deacon. 3. Sub-Deacon. No. 2. Armenian Monks, viewed from the front and back. In the distance appears Mount Ararat, and the three churches located in those quarters. Likely referring to the cathedral and churches of Etchmiadzin, the spiritual center of the Armenian Church. No. 3. Armenian girl who is going to be married, led to the church by old matrons. No. 4. Armenian man who is going to the church to be married, accompanied by a friend or relative who carries his saber for him.

PLATE VI. Armenian Church, commonly divided into four parts, namely: The Holy Place, in the middle of which is the Altar; the Choir; the Men's Place; the Women's Place.

PLATE VII. Commemoration of the Dead, which is especially in use among the Armenians of Julfa, A suburb of Isfahan, Iran, settled by Armenians. and which is celebrated on the 26th of August, the Feast of the Holy Cross, with candles and lit fires into which incense is thrown; the whole accompanied by tears and lamentations. Only women dressed in white celebrate this mournful solemnity, with the exception of a few priests and some men dressed in black who are paid to pray there.

PLATE VIII. Muscovite Bishop in Pontifical Habit, in Ceremonial Habit, and in ordinary habit. Four representations.

PLATE IX. No. 1. Baptism of the Russians, which is performed with many ceremonies, such as plunging the child into a deep vessel filled with water, putting a grain of salt in his mouth, anointing him after the Baptism, and putting a white shirt on his body, etc. No. 2. Russian Funerals, which are simple for the burials of the poor and common people, but magnificent for the burials of people of quality, due to the numerous procession and the large number of mourners who are hired. Formerly, the dead were given passports in their coffins, or rather letters of Absolution, and even today a priest is sometimes hired to pray for the dead morning and evening in a hut near the tomb during the 40 days that the mourning lasts.

SECTION IV.

Regarding the Roman Catholic Church.

DIVISION I,

which has 12 Plates.

Plate which serves as the Title for the fourth section, bearing the motto: Once is not enough to have seen [it], etc. Original Latin: Nec vidisse semel satis est &c. From Virgil's Aeneid, suggesting that the complexity of the subject warrants multiple viewings.

The German inscription on this Plate is the same as those of the titles of the three previous sections, except for the subject matter, which this one treats, namely: Of the Ceremonies of the Roman Catholic Church.

PLATE