Religious Ceremonies

PLATE I. No. 1. Figure representing the printed side of a Ballot Paper for the Vote, or for the Election of a Pope. No. 2. The Reverse of the same Ballot covered with floral ornaments. No. 3. The Structure and framework of a Cardinal’s Cell within the Conclave, or Place of Election. During a Conclave, cardinals are sequestered in temporary wooden apartments or "cells" built within the Vatican to ensure privacy and prevent outside influence.

PLATE II. No. 1. Entry of the Cardinals into the Conclave. No. 2. Mass of the Holy Spirit, which is celebrated before the Election of a Pope. This mass is held to invoke divine guidance for the electors. No. 3. First General Congregation of the Cardinals. No. 4. The Ballot of the Cardinals for the Election of a Pope. No. 5. The Manner in which Provisions are carried to the Conclave. No. 6. The Examination of Provisions. Food was strictly inspected to ensure no secret messages were being smuggled to the cardinals inside.

PLATE III. No. 1. The Adoration of the new Pope in the Chapel. No. 2. The Adoration of the new Pope on the Great Altar of St. Peter. No. 3. Structures of burning flax extinguished before the Pope. This is the ritual where a master of ceremonies burns a bundle of flax on a staff, saying "Sic transit gloria mundi" (Thus passes the glory of the world) to remind the Pope of his mortality. No. 4. The Coronation of the Pope. No. 5. The Manner in which the Jews present the Pentateuch in the Colosseum. A historical tradition during the Papal "Possesso" procession where the Jewish community of Rome presented the Torah to the new Pope as a sign of submission and received his acknowledgment of their law. No. 6. The Manner in which the Keys of the Church are presented to the Pope under the vestibule of St. John Lateran.

PLATES IV. & V. The Manner in which the Pope goes to take Solemn possession of the Pontificate and the Sovereignty of the Christian Church, in the Church of St. John Lateran: As was done, among others, by Clement XI. Here, in the first Division, appear the Musicians, the Vanguard, all sorts of Pages, Palfreys, etc. In the second Division, the Roman Nobility, the Pope’s Officers, the Commissaries, the Governor of Rome, the Nephews and Relatives of the Pope, the Ambassadors of Crowned Heads, the Apostolic Sub-Deacon carrying the Holy Cross, etc. Then the Pope, in a Litter, or on a white palfrey, in the midst of 50 Roman Gentlemen, and escorted by a Detachment of Cavalry commanded by the Captain of the Swiss Guards. Near the Litter of His Holiness stands the Grand Chamberlain, then the Grand Cupbearer, the Secretary, the Physician, etc., who immediately precede the Swiss Guards. After these come the Cardinals two by two, the Pope's Guard, the Patriarchs, the Archbishops, the Bishops, the Apostolic Protonotaries, the Auditors of the Rota Judges of the highest ecclesiastical court of the Catholic Church. and the Treasurers: Finally, the led horses, the Trumpeters, and two light companies armed with Lances. This entire procession passes near the Capitol under a Triumphal Arch erected by the Roman People, and through the cattle market under another, erected by the Duke of Parma: The Clergy of the Church of St. John Lateran come in Procession to meet this Cavalcade, and the Pope receives the Keys of the Church there, seated on a Throne, as mentioned above.

PLATE VI. The Pope’s Chapel. 1. The Altar, upon which seven Candles burn. 2. The Pope's Throne. 3. The Benches of the Cardinals. 4. Places of the Caudataries Train-bearers who assist the high-ranking clergy with their long ceremonial robes., or Tail-bearers of the Cardinals who assist at the solemnities in this Chapel: The following Numbers explain the order observed on those occasions. 5. The First Dean-Cardinal to the right of His Holiness. 6. The second Dean-Cardinal to the left of His Holiness. 7. The Cardinal-Bishops. 8. The Cardinal-Priests. 9. The Cardinal-Deacons. 10. The Ambassadors of the Powers. 11. The Dukes. 12. The Patriarchs & Suffragan Bishops. 13. The Governor of Rome. 14. The Legates of the Church. 15. The Bishops of the first Rank. 16. The Bishops of the second Rank. 17. The Bishops of the third Rank. 18. The Abbots, the Protonotaries, the Generals of the Orders, and the Penitentiaries. 19. The Procurators General of the Clergy. 20. The Nobility. 21. The Cardinal performing the Holy Office. 22. The Suffragan Deacon. 23. The Sub-Deacon. 24. The Chaplains. 25. The Chaplains who present the Water. 26. The Credence Table. 27. The Sacristan & the Apostolic Cross. 28. Two Secret Chamberlains, an Auditor of the Rota, the one who removes the Pope’s Mitre, and the one who carries the Cross. 29. The Pulpit. 30. The Pope's Confessors. 31. The Conservators. 32. The Barons & Knights. 33. The Apostolic Sub-Deacon. 34. The First Auditor of the Rota. 35. The Master of the Sacred Palace. 36. The Auditors of the Rota. 37. The Apostolic Acolytes. 38. The Abbreviators of the Grand Council. 39. Some of the Pope's Secret Chamberlains. 40. The Co-Chamberlains. 41. The Clerks of the Chamber. 42. The Consistorial Advocates. 43. The Pope’s Physician. 44. The Train-bearers of the Cardinals. 45. The Faldstool A portable folding chair used by a bishop when not at his throne., or the chair for the Celebrant. 46. The First Master of Ceremonies. 47. The First Cardinal-Priest in service. 48. The Second Master of Ceremonies. 49. Those who serve for the chapel of the Pope. 50. The Musicians. 51. The Master of the Holy Hospice, the Grand Equerry, and the Captain of the Swiss Guards. 52. The Scepter-bearers of the Pope. 53. The Swiss Guards. 54. The one who delivers the Sermon.

PLATES VII. VIII. IX. X. The Ceremonies of Low Masses, represented in 35 figures with their relation to the Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ. This section provides an allegorical interpretation of the Mass, where every movement of the priest represents a stage of Christ's suffering. No. 1. The Priest goes to the Altar: An image of Jesus Christ going to the Garden of Olives. No. 2. The Priest begins the Mass: Jesus Christ, having arrived at the Garden, makes his prayer. N. 3. The Priest says the Confiteor: original: "Confiteor," meaning "I confess." Jesus Christ, prostrate, sweats Blood. N. 4. The Priest kisses the Altar: Jesus Christ betrayed by a kiss. N. 5. The Priest goes to the side of the Epistle: Jesus Christ is taken and bound. N. 6. The Priest at the Introit: The opening chant of the Mass. Jesus Christ brought to the house of Annas. N. 7. The Priest says the Kyrie Eleyson: original Greek: "Kyrie Eleison," meaning "Lord have mercy." St. Peter denies Jesus Christ three times. N. 8. The Priest turned toward the People, says: The Lord be with you: original Latin: "Dominus vobiscum." Jesus Christ, looking at Peter, makes him weep for his sin. N. 9. The Priest reads the Epistle: Jesus Christ accused before Pilate. N. 10. The Priest bowed at the center of the Altar, says quietly: Cleanse my heart, etc.: original Latin: "Munda cor." Jesus Christ, accused before Herod, answers nothing. N. 11. The Priest reads the Gospel: Jesus Christ sent back from Herod to Pilate. N. 12. The Priest uncovers the Chalice: Jesus Christ stripped to be whipped. N. 13. The Offering of the Host: Jesus Christ tied to the Column and whipped. N. 14. The Priest covers the Chalice after having offered it: Jesus Christ crowned with thorns. N. 15. The Priest washes his hands: Pilate washing his hands declares Jesus Christ innocent. N. 16. The Priest turned toward the People, says: Pray, brothers: original Latin: "Orate fratres." Jesus Christ covered with a purple cloak. N. 17. The Priest says the Preface: Jesus Christ condemned to be crucified. N. 18. The Priest joining his hands, prays for the living Faithful: Jesus Christ carrying his cross, goes to die to make us live. N. 19. The Priest covers the Host and the Chalice with his hands: St. Veronica presents her veil to Jesus Christ. N. 20. The Priest makes the sign of the cross over the Host and over the Chalice: Jesus Christ is nailed to the