Chemical Experiments on the Radical Dissolution of Bodies

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perceived, felt; — the subjectivity of sensation therefore necessarily presupposes the objectivity of matter.

A substance original: "Stoff." In 18th-century natural philosophy, "Stoff" often refers to a specific chemical essence, whereas "Materie" refers to the broader physical substance that occupies space. without matter is unthinkable. — It is incomprehensible how one can assume a substance without simultaneously assuming matter as well. Light, heat, and fire are phenomena; they are felt; — however, phenomenon and sensation presuppose a reality that can only be matter, because matter is necessarily the objectivity of all phenomena and sensations.

All these rational anticipations already lead us to surmise that there must be an absolute light-substance, heat-substance, and fire-substance; yet, if a real substance is truly there, it must be demonstrated and confirmed through experience. — —

Through very simple manipulations original: "Handgriffe." Refers to manual laboratory procedures or experimental techniques. I have isolated these three substances from phosphorus. —

Nature of Metals.

Metals in themselves are nothing other than: phosphorus bound by a restrictive, or lime-like earth original: "kalkähnliche Erde." This refers to "calx," the metallic ash or oxide left after a metal is burned. In the phlogiston theory of the time, metals were thought to be a combination of this "earth" and a flammable principle..