This library is built in the open.
If you spot an error, have a suggestion, or just want to say hello — we’d love to hear from you.

...but can be found particularly in the specific commentaries on this epistle by Dr. Kortholt Christian Kortholt (1633–1694), a German Lutheran theologian, as well as those by Fr. Balduinus François Baudouin, a 16th-century jurist, Rittershusius Conrad Rittershusius, a scholar of civil law, and Vossius Gerardus Johannes Vossius, a Dutch humanist and theologian, which they have published regarding these matters. The proper use of the text, on the other hand, can be seen to some extent below, following the epistle itself, which has been translated here by someone for the reader.
1. It is true that some have wished to cast doubt on certain authentic writings of this witness of Jesus Christ—namely, those individuals who do not allow room for the spirit of critical scrutiny. However, his two missives The First and Second Apologies of Justin Martyr, addressed to the Roman authorities to defend the Christian faith have, as far as is known, remained unchallenged. The exception is that Bellarmine Robert Bellarmine, a prominent Catholic Cardinal and theologian claimed that the second letter did not match Justin’s style (in his Book on Ecclesiastical Writers, page 120). Yet he would likely not have said this if some fable or other basis for Papist superstition A historical polemical term used by the author to refer to Roman Catholic doctrines he considers unscriptural had been contained within or inserted into these epistles.
2. Rather, others who are truly knowledgeable in antiquity recognize that they certainly originate from this holy martyr. This is so even if they are not specifically listed by Eusebius the 4th-century "Father of Church History" among Justin's writings; for he may not have seen every letter and small treatise, or perhaps did not catalog them with such absolute precision. (See William Cave, Literary History, Century II, page 28; Johannes Ernestus Grabe, Gleaning of the Fathers, Century II, page 165, original: "qui tamen de priore dubitat" who nevertheless expresses doubt about the first one.) Anyone who notices and well understands the importance of the factual details that appear in these letters will not doubt their integrity. These [letters], which are here...