Four Books on Human Proportion

Now, alongside the first vertical line of the side-view manoriginal: "nebensichtigen manns"; referring to a figure seen in profile., I will first indicate the thicknesses on all horizontal lines drawn through the length of the limbs.

First, at the very top of the head, on the line nearest under the crownoriginal: "scheitel"; the highest point of the skull., I make the head thick through the back vertebraoriginal: "wirbel"; here referring to the prominence at the back of the skull. a 9th part.

Across the forehead, a 14th part and a 15th part.
Across the eyebrows, a 7th part.
Across the nose, an 8th part.
Across the chin and neck, also an 8th part.
And I make the neck under the head and chin a 12th part thick.
Across the pit of the throatoriginal: "halsgrüblein"; the suprasternal notch at the base of the neck., a 9th part.
At the height of the chest, two 13th parts.
At the armpitsoriginal: "ochssen"; an archaic term for the axilla or armpit area., a 6th part.
Across the nipplesoriginal: "tütlen"; an archaic, literal term for the breasts or nipples., a 6th part.
Under the breasts, a 12th part and a 13th part.
In the flanks, a 12th part and a 13th part.
At the hip joint, a 6th part.
At the end of the hip, across the belly and buttocks, an 11th part and a 12th part.
At the man's crotch, also an 11th part and a 12th part.
And I make the leg under the buttocks a 7th part thick.
But below that, in the middle of the upper leg, a 14th part and a 15th part.
Above the knee, a 10th part.
In the middle of the knee, a 12th part.
Under the knee, also a 12th part.
In the middle of the calf, where it is thickest, a 20th part and a 21st part.
At the end of the inner calf, a 13th part.
Below, above the instep of the foot where the leg is thinnest, an 18th part.
And I make the foot a 6th part long.

Afterward, I make the thickness of the side-view arm at the shoulder two 21st parts.
But under the armpit, a 13th part.
In the elbow, an 18th part.
Before the elbow in the strength of the arm, also an 18th part.
And at the hand, a 22nd part.
And I make the hollow of the hand a 30th part thick.

And in the drawing, I will [place] the arms ne-

Next, alongside the second vertical line of the front-facing manoriginal: "fürsichtigen mans"; a figure seen from the front., I will set the widths of those parts on all horizontal lines relative to the lengths of the limbs.

I make the man's head on the line of the back vertebra a 10th part wide.
Across the forehead, an 8th part.
Across the eyebrows, a 9th part.
Across the ears, an 8th part.
Across the nose, a 10th part.
And the neck is wide under the chin a 12th part.
Between the shoulder joints at the height of the pit of the throat, a 5th part.
Across the chest, three 10th parts.
Between the armpits, a 5th part.
Between the nipples, two 15th parts.
In the flanks, a 5th part.
At the hip joint, a 9th part and two 19th parts.
At the end of the hip, a 4th part.
And on this line, the legs stand in the hips a 6th part wide from one another.
At the crotch, also a 4th part.
But the leg at the end of the buttocks, two 17th parts.
At the inward curveoriginal: "einpeisung"; referring to the concave contour of the inner thigh or leg. of the leg, a 10th part.

This inward curve is to be noted in the front-facing image on the inside of the legs.

Afterward, I make the leg above the knee a 12th part wide.
In the middle of the knee, a 14th part.
Under the knee, two 26th parts.
In the middle of the calf, a 22th part and a 24th part.
At the end of the inner calf, a 14th part.

Vocabulary: Proportions, side-view, front-facing, crown, back of head/vertebra, pit of the throat, armpits, nipples, inward curve.