Prodromus or Foreword

...[the Duke of Bavaria], who calls himself Berchtholdum à Rauchenstein, in his Constantio peregrino castigato regarding the four-month journey of Count Bucquoy Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy (1571–1621), a commander of the Imperial forces on page 14, it comes sufficiently to light where he states original: "quòd Bavarus Monachii cum ipſo Cæſare adverſus rebelles certis legibus in fœdus iverit" that the Bavarian [Duke] entered into an alliance in Munich with the Emperor himself against the rebels under certain conditions, which conditions original: "leges" can for the most part be easily gathered from these intercepted letters by a thoughtful reader. Furthermore, Your Majesty also reports in the extensive letter to Don Balthasar de Zúñiga A Spanish diplomat and influential advisor to King Philip IV that after the same time—namely, after the Emperor had promised the Palatine Electorate Palatine Electorate The lands and the prestigious right to vote for the Emperor belonging to the Elector Palatine to the Duke—the latter subsequently provided assistance to Your Majesty. From all this, it appears that not only was an alliance original: "fœdus" established between the Emperor and Bavaria, but also what agreed terms original: "pacta conventa" regarding the Electoral Palatinate were likely included therein. It also shows that the actual investiture investiture The formal ceremony of conferring a fief or title, which Bavaria now holds in hand, followed upon this; and that beforehand, the Duke would not involve himself on the Emperor’s behalf. Likewise, a similar account was very often written in the common newsletters original: "aviſen" from Rome after the Munich meeting.

Now, however, at the time when the Emperor was in Munich, the Elector Palatine Frederick V, the "Winter King" had not yet accepted the Bohemian Crown; nevertheless, such treaties, by all appearances, had already transpired. In the meantime, however, many letters were exchanged between the Electoral Palatinate and Bavaria, the convention at Mühlhausen A meeting in March 1620 where the Electors attempted to mediate the conflict was held, and thereafter the Treaty of Ulm was made with the United The United The Protestant Union, a coalition of Protestant German states in which the Electoral Palatinate was specifically included without exception; and in the meantime