Theory of Heat (1872) - Page 12

CHAPTER IV.

ELEMENTARY DYNAMICAL PRINCIPLES.

PAGE
Measurement of Quantities . . . . . 74
The Units of Length, Mass, and Time, and their Derived Units. . 76
Measurement of Force . . . . . . . 83
Work and Energy . . . . . . . 87
Principle of the Conservation of Energy The law stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. . . . . 92

CHAPTER V.

MEASUREMENT OF INTERNAL FORCES AND THEIR EFFECTS.

Longitudinal Pressure and Tension . . . . . 94
Definition of a Fluid—Hydrostatic Pressure The pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the force of gravity. . . . . 95
Work done by a Piston on a Fluid . . . . . 101
Watt’s Indicator and the Indicator Diagram A device and graph used to measure the work performed by a steam engine. . . . . 102
Elasticity of a Fluid . . . . . . . 107

CHAPTER VI.

LINES OF EQUAL TEMPERATURE ON THE INDICATOR DIAGRAM.

Relation between Volume, Pressure, and Temperature . . . 108
Isothermal Lines Lines on a graph representing states of a system at a constant temperature. of a Gas . . . . . . 110
Isothermal Lines of a Vapor in Contact with its Liquid . . 113
Steam Line and Water Line . . . . . . 117
Continuity of the Liquid and Gaseous States—Experiments of
Cagniard de la Tour and Andrews Refers to Charles Cagniard de la Tour and Thomas Andrews, who studied the critical points where liquids and gases become indistinguishable. . . . . 118

CHAPTER VII.

ADIABATIC LINES.

Properties of a Substance when heat is prevented from entering or
leaving it The term "adiabatic" refers to a process where no heat is exchanged with the surroundings. . . . . . . . . 127
The Adiabatic Lines are Steeper than the Isothermals . . 130
Diagram showing the Effects of Heat on Water. . . . 134