Theory of Heat

CHAPTER XVII.

ON CONVECTION CURRENTS.

How they are Produced . . . . . . 230
Joule’s Determination of the Point of Maximum Density of Water James Prescott Joule (1818–1889) was an English physicist who established that heat is a form of energy. . . . . . . 232

CHAPTER XVIII.

ON THE DIFFUSION OF HEAT BY CONDUCTION.

Conduction through a Plate . . . . . . 233
Different Measures of Conductivity . . . . . . 235
Conduction in a Solid . . . . . . 235
Sketch of Fourier’s Theory Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768–1830) developed the mathematical laws governing heat flow. . . . . . . 239
Harmonic Distributions of Temperature . . . . . . 243
Steady and Periodic Flow of Heat . . . . . . 245
Determination of the Thermal Conductivity of Bodies . . . . 248
Applications of the Theory . . . . . . 252

CHAPTER XIX.

ON THE DIFFUSION OF FLUIDS.

Coefficient of Diffusion . . . . . . 255
Researches of Graham and Loschmidt Thomas Graham and Joseph Loschmidt were pioneers in studying how gases and liquids mix spontaneously. . . . . . . 258

CHAPTER XX.

ON CAPILLARITY.

Superficial Energy original: "Superficial Energy"; modern term: Surface Energy and Superficial Tension original: "Superficial Tension"; modern term: Surface Tension . . . . . . 260
Rise of a Liquid in a Tube . . . . . . 266
Evaporation and Condensation as Affected by Capillarity . . . 267
Table of Superficial Tension . . . . . . 272