Lectures on Gas Theory, Vol. 2

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Section I.

Fundamentals of Van der Waals' Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
§ 1. General perspectives of Van der Waals . . . . . . . . . 1
§ 2. External and internal pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
§ 3. Number of collisions against the wall . . . . . . . . . 6
§ 4. Consideration of the expansion Referring to the physical volume or "size" of molecules regarding the
collision frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
§ 5. Determination of the impulse imparted to the molecules . . . . 10
§ 6. Limits of validity for the neglect made in § 4 . . . . . . 12
§ 7. Determination of the internal pressure . . . . . . . . . 13
§ 8. An ideal gas as a thermometric substance . . . . . . . . 16
§ 9. Temperature-pressure coefficient. Determination of the constants of
the Van der Waals equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
§ 10. Absolute temperature. Compression coefficient . . . . . . 20
§ 11. Critical temperature, critical pressure, and critical volume 23
§ 12. Geometric discussion of the isotherms Lines on a graph representing constant temperature . . . . . . . . 27
§ 13. Special cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Section II.

Physical Discussion of Van der Waals' Theory . . . . . . 33
§ 14. Stable and unstable labile: states that are prone to change or fluctuate states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
§ 15. Supercooling, delay of evaporation . . . . . . . . . . . 36
§ 16. Stable coexistence of the two phases . . . . . . . . . . 38
§ 17. Geometric representation of the state where two phases
coexist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
§ 18. Definition of the concepts of gas, vapor, and liquid original: "tropfbare Flüssigkeit" — literally "drippable liquid" 45
§ 19. Arbitrariness of the definitions in the previous paragraph . . 47
§ 20. Isopycnic: a change in state occurring at constant atmospheric density change of state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
§ 21. Calorimetry The measurement of heat changes of a substance following
Van der Waals' law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
§ 22. Size of the molecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
§ 23. Relationships to capillarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
§ 24. Work required for the separation of molecules . . . . . . . 59