Surya Siddhanta with the Exposition of the Hidden Meaning

Accompanied by the Gūḍhārthaprakāśaka The "Illuminator of Hidden Meanings," a famous commentary by Raṅganātha.

From this present Kalpa a cosmic cycle or "Day of Brahma" lasting 4.32 billion years, six Manus progenitors of humanity who rule over vast spans of time called Manvantaras have passed. Each of these consists of seventy-one Yuga cycles, and they are accompanied by "twilight" periods Sandhyas equivalent to seven Krita Yugas Golden Ages. The word "and" Sanskrit: ca is used here to aggregate this with the previously mentioned half of Brahma's lifespan. Of the current seventh Manu, named Vaivasvata, the "cube of three" 3 x 3 x 3 = 27 cycles of Yugas have passed. This means twenty-seven Mahayugas have elapsed. The word "and" again indicates summation. || 22 || Now, stating that a portion of the current Yuga has also passed, the author explains how the collection of years should be calculated up to the desired point in time.

From the current twenty-eighth Mahayuga a great cycle of four ages, the Krita Yuga which existed a short time ago has passed. Therefore, after the end of that Krita Yuga, one should calculate the time in years up to the desired moment, and then combine the different numerical values held in the five places referring to decimal place-value notation into a single sum. The meaning is that one should perform a total summation of all elapsed time. || 23 || Now, he describes the motion of the planets and the time taken by the Creator to arrange the planets and the circle of asterisms the Zodiac at the beginning of the Kalpa.

While this current Brahma was creating the planets, constellations, gods, demons, humans, monsters, mountains, trees, and the entire world consisting of moving and unmoving beings—while he was the architect of the universe—seventy-four multiplied by one hundred... The text breaks off here describing the "creative fallow period" before planetary motions are calculated