Chapter on Mean Motions || 1 ||

Now he states the epoch constants (Dhruvas) for the Sun, Moon, and their apogees. With the words "Kha-vidhu-tana..." the meaning is clear. || 6 ||

Now he states the epoch constants for Rahu the ascending lunar node and the others. With the words "Shaila-dvau-khashara..." the meaning is clear. || 7 ||

Now, because it is observed that eclipses of the Moon and Sun occur depending on the moments of contact and release, for the sake of establishing the initial positions, he states the epoch constants and additive corrections (Kshepas) for the Sun, Moon, and their apogees:

When the year of the Grahalaghava a famous 16th-century astronomical treatise by Ganesha Daivajna had passed, measured by the Earth (1), the Earth (1), and the Lord of the Night (1) Year 111 of the Shaka era relative to the epoch, or 1442 Shaka / 1520 CE,
Having observed the conjunctions and oppositions of the Moon and Sun based on the fortnights,
The wise mathematician Vishvanatha established the initial corrections and constants
Derived from the Sun, Moon, and the Moon’s apogee,
Which are proven by observation, for the epoch. || 1 ||

The Sun's constant is 0 [Signs], 1 [Degree], 49 [Minutes], 8 [Seconds].
The Moon's are 0 [Signs], 3 [Degrees], 46 [Minutes], 37 [Seconds].
The Moon's apogee constants are 9 [Signs], 2 [Degrees], 49 [Minutes], 20 [Seconds]. || 2 ||
The additive correction (Kshepa) for the Sun is 11 [Signs], 19 [Degrees], 47 [Minutes], 13 [Seconds].
For the Moon, it is 11 [Signs], 18 [Degrees], 53 [Minutes], 26 [Seconds].
For its apogee, it is 5 [Signs], 16 [Degrees], 4 [Minutes], 41 [Seconds]. || 3 ||

Alternatively, he states the Bija secular correction applied to astronomical parameters to match observation for the established Sun, Moon, and apogees:
Or, from the Grahalaghava, the correction for the Sun in minutes etc. is 6 [Minutes], 13 [Seconds] additive. For the Moon, it is 12 [Minutes], 36 [Seconds] subtractive. For the apogee, the correction is 88 [Minutes], 19 [Seconds] additive. The text continues with further specific numerical corrections for the cycles.

Of the Sun = of the solar body; Kha-vidhu-tana-bhava = Kha is zero, Vidhu is one, Tana is forty-nine, Bhava is eleven; the constant is read starting from the Signs. Of the Moon = Kha is zero, Anala is three, Rasavaridhi is forty-six, Ishvara is eleven; the constant is stated starting from the Signs. Then = thereafter, Moon’s apogee = derived from the lunar high point; Khaga is nine, Yama is two, Sharakrita is forty-five. Of Rahu = Shaila is seven, two, Khashara is fifty. Of Mars = Bhutatvadanta is one, twenty-five, thirty-two. Of Mercury’s anomaly = Abdhigunodbhava is four, three, twenty-seven. Of Jupiter = Kha is zero, Shadyama is twenty-six, Vaskhila is eighteen. Of Venus’s swift anomaly = Kushakrayamala is one, fourteen, two. Then of Saturn = Shaila is seven, Panchabhuva is fifteen, Yamandhaya is forty-two; the constant begins with the Signs. These constants are spoken = these values are stated. Then = thereafter, the Kshepaka = the additive correction, is told = is declared by me. || 6-7 ||

The Rationale (Upapatti):

Here, in one cycle (11 years), by the proportion of the years of a Kalpa a vast cosmic age, the revolutions of the planets in a Kalpa are used. For the 11 years falling within one cycle, the planets are obtained in Signs etc. For the sake of ease, these are purified by the total revolutions (12) and designated as "constants" (Dhruvas). These should be understood as the Signs etc. read for those respective planets.

Editor: Cfi-6? Printed stamp: Mumukshu Bhawan Varanasi Collection. Digitized by eGangotri