Section 5

At the commencement of a planetary periodSanskrit: dashapravesha; the moment a specific astrological influence begins, one must first take the position of the mean SunSanskrit: madhyamarka; the average position of the sun ignoring periodic variations in signs, degrees, and so on, as it was at the time of birth during the Shaka era. In sequence, the calculation of the civil day-countSanskrit: savanahargana; the total number of days elapsed in the civil calendar from the solar periodsSanskrit: sauradasha; periods based on the sun's transit—consisting of the Shaka year, month, lunar day, and the smaller units of time (ghati and pala)—is performed according to the method of Keshava. In the Shaka era, the mean Sun at birth is added to the months and other units of the period; thus, in the system of parts, the mean Sun at the start of the period is determined. The period converted into days should be kept separate. The text here describes a specific mathematical ratio involving the number 88-6 This becomes the civil calculation when adjusted by the birth coordinates.

The intention is as follows: First, establish the Shaka year of birth. The current year should be noted. From the signs of the mean Sun at birth, the positions for the lunar day, ghati, and pala are set. There, the years, months, days, and smaller units belonging to whichever planet’s first period is being calculated must be added together. When combined, the resulting time of the period—years, months, days, and so on—becomes that specific time. At that moment, the time ending in months and days is to be known as the mean Sun for that period.

To test the accuracy of this: the solar period obtained should be used to produce the period converted into days, which constitutes the civil day-count. Equal in strength This civil day-count is to be added to the day-count? at the time of birth. From the specific day-count resulting from this addition, the mean planets and true planetsSanskrit: spashtagraha; the actual observed positions of planets are to be calculated. If, upon calculation, the mean Sun matches the months and days previously determined, then the accuracy of all values is confirmed. This conversion of the solar period to civil time is done specifically for the purpose of verification. Furthermore, the lunar daySanskrit: tithi should be calculated from the moon; the month is determined by the sun's entry into a zodiac sign based on the estimation of that lunar day.