Siddhanta Shiromani (Crown of Treatises)

The Creator Sraṣṭṛ Refers to Brahma, the creative force of the universe. created this Cycle of Stars Bha-cakra The celestial sphere or the zodiacal belt. along with the Sun and the planets. It is appointed to revolve and rotates constantly due to the force of the Proelling Wind Pravaha-vāyu original: "प्रवहवायु" — In ancient Indian astronomy, this is the cosmic wind believed to drive the celestial spheres in their constant rotation.. It is said that in the sky, which is characterized by the presence of this wind, the sphere appears to move toward the west. By this, it is indicated that the sphere is placed in the sky, presided over by the wind known by the name Pravaha.

The Surya Siddhanta Sūrya-siddhānta One of the foundational texts of Indian astronomy, dating back to at least the 6th century CE. also states: "The wind called Pravaha drives those stars and planets constantly toward the west." By using synonymous terms like "the Self-born Brahma" original: "ब्रह्यात्मभू" and "the one born from the lotus" Kamalodbhūta, the text avoids the fault of repetitive descriptions mentioned previously.

Since the Sun is the "Awakener of the Lotus" A poetic epithet: just as the sun makes the earthly lotus bloom, he is linked to Brahma, who resides on a divine lotus., and Brahma is the "Lotus-born" source of the world's creation, the sequence of the Sun is established. By this, the internal divinity the Supreme Being who moved outward, being possessed of "I-consciousness" Ahaṃkāra, created Brahma as the Lord and Creator of the world. To him, the Forefather of the Worlds, He delivered the Vedas. In this same manner, the Sun was manifested first in the order of creation.

It is perfectly stated that the sphere was "appointed with the Sun and other planets." What is the nature of these planets? They are "situated in the revolutions and signs" bhagaṇādi-saṃsthaiḥ original: "भगणादि संस्थैः". This means their positions are established within the signs of the zodiac, such as Aries and the rest.

Now, an objection or question is raised: Is it not true that the Sphere of the Earth Bhū-piṇḍa is at the center, then the Moon, then Mercury, and the Sun is further up? How then can they all be described together? He will address this in the Section on the Celestial Sphere Golādhyāya The third section of the Siddhanta Shiromani, focusing on spherical trigonometry and cosmography.. There, it is explained that all these are stated to be within the orbits of the stars. Since the stars are the highest, all things beneath them—down to the lowest—are encompassed within this cosmic arrangement.