The Wonder of Calculation (Karana Kutuhala)

The revolutions and further units for Mars are 2311 | 0 | 24 | 39 | 15. When combined with its additive constant original: "svakshepa," the position at the start of the epoch of 7 | 21 | 14 | 21, the result is the position of Mars original: "medinīnandano bhaumaḥ," literally "the son of the Earth", which is 232 | 6 | 9 | 53 | 36.

The day-count original: "dyucayo'hargaṇo" is 159,316. Multiply this by the four Vedas the number 4, resulting in 637,264. Place this value, multiplied by the Vedas (4), below its own 43rd part original: "dahanabdhyamsha," where 'fire' is 3 and 'oceans' are 4, indicating 43. Thus, 637,264 divided by 43 gives a quotient of 14,820 degrees, 5 minutes, and 34 seconds. Adding this to the upper figure of 637,264 results in 652,084 degrees, 5 minutes, and 34 seconds, which is the Fast Apex shighrochcha: the position of the center of the epicycle, used to calculate the planet's apparent position of Mercury. From this day-count of 159,316, divide by 1,421 represented by 'earth' (1), 'twins' (2), and 'Indras' (14). Subtracting the resulting 112 degrees, 6 minutes, and 55 seconds from the previous total gives 651,971 | 58 | 39. This gives the revolutions and signs as 1811 | 0 | 11 | 58 | 39. Adding the additive constant of 2 | 21 | 14 | 30 results in the final position of Mercury's Apex: 1811 | 3 | 3 | 13 | 9. || 10 ||

Calculation of Jupiter

The day-count is divided twice: by twelve and by 4,227. The difference between these two results in degrees is the position of Jupiter original: "indramantrī," literally "the Minister of Indra".

Commentary by Sumatiharsha:

The day-count 159,316 is divided in two places. First, divided by twelve 12, it equals 13,276 | 20 | 0. In the second place, it is divided by 4,227 represented by "stars" (27), "twins" (2), and "oceans" (4), which equals 37 | 41 | 24. The difference between these two degree-results is 13,238 | 38 | 36. In terms of revolutions and signs, this is 36 | 9 | 18 | 38 | 36. Adding the additive constant of 2 | 4 | 0 | 51 results in 36 | 11 | 12 | 39 | 27. This is the mean position of Jupiter original: "guru".

Calculation of the Fast Apex of Venus

The total number of days is multiplied by 16. This is divided in two ways: by 7,451 and by 10. || 11 ||
The sum of these two results in degrees and minutes becomes the Fast Apex of Venus original: "daityaguroshchaloccam," the 'unsteady apex of the teacher of the demons'.

Commentary by Sumatiharsha:

The accumulation of days the Ahargana is multiplied by "kings" the number 16. This is then divided twice: once by 7,451 represented by 'earth' (1), 'arrows' (5), 'vedas' (4), and 'mountains' (7) and again by "twins, sky, and moon" the number 10. The sum of these two resulting values in degrees and minutes is the Fast Apex of Venus.

For example: the day-count 159,316 multiplied by 16 is 2,549,056. In one place, divided by 7,451, it gives 342 | 6 | 33. In the other place, divided by ten, it gives 254,905 | 36 | 0 in degrees and minutes. The sum of both is 255,247 | 42 | 33. Converting this as before into revolutions and signs:

709 | 0 | 7 | 42 | 33. Adding the additive constant of 8 | 18 | 5 | 55 results in the Fast Apex of Venus: 709 | 8 | 25 | 48 | 28. || 11 ||

Calculation of Saturn

Divide by 30 and by 9,367. The sum of the two results in degrees and minutes is the son of the Sun original: "ārkaḥ," referring to Saturn. || 12 ||

Commentary by Sumatiharsha:

For example: the day-count 159,316 is divided in two places. First, by "sky and Ramas" the number 30, yielding 5,310 | 32 | 0. Second, it is divided by 9,367 represented by "horses" (7), "limbs" (6), "Ramas" (3), and "Nandas" (9), yielding 17 | 0 | 29. The sum of both in degrees and minutes is 5,327 | 32 | 29. As before, this is 14 | 9 | 17 | 32 | 29 in revolutions and signs. Adding the additive constant of 4 | 3 | 4 | 31 OCR error correction: 317 in text is likely 31 results in 15 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 54 | 46. This is the mean position of Saturn original: "shani". || 12 ||

The Mean Motion of the Planets

For the Sun, it is 59 minutes original: "nandākṣā," 59 and 8 seconds original: "bhujagā," 8. For the Moon, it is 790 minutes original: "khāṅkādrayo," 790 and 35 seconds original: "akṣāgnayas," 35.
For the Moon’s Apex, 6 minutes and 41 seconds. For the Node, 3 minutes and 11 seconds.
For Mars, 31 minutes and 26 seconds. For Mercury’s Apex, 245 minutes and 32 seconds.
For Jupiter, 5 minutes. For the Apex of Venus, 96 minutes and 8 seconds. For Saturn, 2 minutes. || 13 ||

Commentary by Sumatiharsha:

The motion of the Sun original: "ravi" is 59 minutes and 8 seconds. The motion of the Moon original: "shashin" is 790 minutes and 35 seconds. The motion of the Moon's Apex tunga: the apogee or highest point is 6 minutes and 41 seconds. The motion of the Moon's Node pāta: the ascending node or Rahu is 3 minutes and 11 seconds. For Mars original: "māheya," son of Earth, it is 31 minutes and 26 seconds. For the Fast Apex of Mercury, it is 245 minutes and 32 seconds. For Jupiter original: "ījya", it is 5 minutes and 0 seconds. For the Fast Apex of Venus original: "sita", it is 96 minutes and 8 seconds. For Saturn, it is 2 minutes and 0 seconds. By adding these motions, the mean position for the next day is determined.

Because these motions are very small, the Teacher Bhaskara II has omitted the third-order units original: "privikalā" for ease of use. However, a special note: if one takes a day-count and multiplies it by the specific factors for each planet, the exact motions are produced. As it is said:

"From a day-count of one day, the results produced in minutes are the mean daily motions of the planets."