[Chapter on the Mean Motion of Planets] — With the Parameśvara Commentary

From the Sun combined with the epoch-constant, multiplied by two; and from that multiplied by sixteen original: "nṛpa" (kings), a numerical code for 16, divided by five hundred and five original: "iṣukhepu" (arrows-void-arrows), a numerical code for 505; added to seven times [the Sun] divided by forty-six original: "ṛtuveda" (seasons-vedas), a numerical code for 46 and four times the Sun. || 8 ||

Now he describes the method for bringing the mean positions of Mars and others from the mean Sun: "From the Sun combined with the epoch-constant..." etc. Having placed the Sun's position—consisting of minutes, degrees, and signs—at noon on the desired day, one should place the years elapsed since the epoch dhruvābda: the number of years passed since a fixed astronomical starting point above the sign position. This is called the "Sun combined with the epoch-constant." However, between the start of the lunar year (Chaitra) and the half-year mark, the epoch-years are reduced by one, because the calculation of the constants for Mars and others is based on the solar year's beginning.

Having set down this "Sun combined with the epoch-constant," divide it by two and place the resulting years in one spot. Then, multiply the remaining year by twelve, add it to the signs below, and divide those signs by two; place the resulting signs below the previously calculated years. Again, multiply the remaining signs by thirty, add them to the degrees, divide those degrees by two, and place the resulting degrees below the previously calculated signs. Finally, multiply the remaining degrees by sixty, add them to the minutes, divide those minutes by two, and place the resulting minutes below the previously calculated degrees.

Furthermore, take the "Sun combined with the epoch-constant" again and multiply the minutes, degrees, signs, and years separately by sixteen original: "nṛpa" (kings). Carry the minutes to degrees by dividing by sixty, carry the degrees to signs by dividing by thirty, and carry the signs to years by dividing by twelve. Then, divide those years by five hundred and five original: "iṣukhepu" and add the resulting years to the previously calculated years. Multiply the remainder by twelve, add to the signs, divide by five hundred and five, and add the resulting signs to the previous signs. Multiply that remainder by thirty, add to the degrees, divide by five hundred and five, and add the resulting degrees to the previous degrees. Multiply that remainder by sixty, add to the minutes, divide by five hundred and five, and add the resulting minutes to the previous minutes.

The same process of multiplication, division, and carrying should be understood for Mercury and the others. After carrying the minutes and other units as before, add the epoch-constant dhruva: a fixed starting value for a specific planet. That result is the mean position of Mars at noon on the desired day.

Regarding "From seven times...": Place the "Sun combined with the epoch-constant," multiply its minutes, degrees, signs, and years separately by seven, and carry the values as before. Then divide those years and other units by forty-six original: "ṛtuveda" as before. Place the resulting years, signs, degrees, and minutes in one spot. To this, add four times the "Sun combined with the epoch-constant" and add the epoch-constant. That is Mercury original: "jña". This refers to the "fast apex" śīghrocca: the anomaly or the position of the planet's conjunction with the Sun of Mercury. || 8 ||

1. Variant reading: "...the mean Sun..."

The vocabulary list below refers to technical terms used in the Sanskrit verse and commentary.
Mean Mars, Mercury, Fast Apex (Anomaly), Sun with epoch-constant, 505, 46, 16, Multiplied by seven