Small Manual of Astronomical Computation with the Commentary of Paramesvara

One should multiply the specific true daily motion bhukti; the arc a planet travels in a day of each planet in minutes by the distance of the local place from the prime meridian in yojanas; a traditional measure of distance, divide by sixty, and the resulting seconds should be subtracted from or added to the true minutes of the planet. If the location is east of the prime meridian The prime meridian in Indian astronomy passed through Ujjain, one should subtract; if to the west, one should add. For planets in retrograde motion, the rule is reversed. Alternatively, one may multiply the mean motion of the planet by the distance in yojanas, divide by sixty, and apply the result to the mean position of the planet before calculating the true position. The correction for local longitude should be applied to Rahu The North Node of the Moon before subtracting it from the full circle. The correction for local longitude must also be applied to the Moon’s apogee. || 3 ||

He explains the knowledge of the lunar day (tithi), the half-lunar day (karana), the asterism (nakshatra), and the solar-lunar conjunction (yoga) with the phrase "From the Moon minus the Sun." Having converted the position of the Moon minus the Sun into minutes and dividing by 720 original: "shunya-abhi-parvatai" (0-2-7 in reverse notation), the resulting number gives the elapsed lunar days starting from the first day of the bright fortnight. Again, by converting that same "Moon minus Sun" into minutes and dividing by 360 original: "shunya-rasa-agnibhi" (0-6-3), the result (minus one) gives the elapsed "Karana" periods starting from "Siddha." Again, by converting the Moon's position into minutes and dividing by 800 original: "vyoma-shunya-ashtabhi" (0-0-8), the result gives the elapsed asterisms starting from Ashvini. Again, by adding the Sun and Moon, converting to minutes, and dividing by 800, the result gives the elapsed "Yogas" starting from Vishkambha. The remainders represent the current portions of the lunar day, half-day, or yoga. "Their beginning and end are found by their own motions"—the knowledge of the start and end times of these periods is known through the Rule of Three trairashika; mathematical proportion based on their respective daily motions. The elapsed minutes of the current lunar day or half-day, multiplied by sixty and divided by the difference between the daily motions of the Sun and Moon, gives the elapsed ghatikas A unit of time equal to 24 minutes of the current lunar day or half-day. Similarly, the remaining minutes to be traversed give the remaining ghatikas. For the current asterism, the elapsed or remaining minutes multiplied by sixty and divided by the Moon's true daily motion gives the elapsed or remaining ghatikas. For the current yoga, the elapsed or remaining minutes multiplied by sixty and divided by the sum of the motions of the Sun and Moon gives the elapsed or remaining ghatikas of the current yoga. In all cases, the motion is expressed in minutes. Thus, the beginning and end are known from the Rule of Three. "By proportion" means by the Rule of Three. The asterisms for other planets are also understood just like the Moon's. As it was said: "From the planets, the asterisms..." || 4 ||

Thus ends the Chapter on Miscellaneous Topics in the commentary on the Manasa by Paramesvara.

Thus ends the First Chapter in the commentary on the Manasa by Paramesvara. || 1 ||

1. Manuscript variant 'ka': 'planets and asterisms'. 2. Manuscript variant 'ka': 'of those two'.