Commentary on the Supreme Lord — [Chapter on Eclipses]

The Shadow Planet is the Sun plus seven signs. Its measurement in minutes of arc
on the Moon’s path is 8,300 divided by the Moon’s divisor. || 4 ||

He explains the position of the Earth's shadow and the calculation of its diameter: The Shadow Planet. The Sun at that specific time, increased by six signs original: "saptabho," literally the seventh sign from the Sun, becomes the Shadow Planet. This means the Earth's shadow always exists at the seventh sign from the Sun. Regarding its measurement in minutes of arc, he says: divided by the Moon’s divisor. One should divide 8,300 original: "khakhaguṇoragān," a numerical code where kha=0, kha=0, guṇa=3, uraga=8 by the Moon’s corrected divisor sphuṭa-cheda: a mathematical factor used in Indian astronomy to account for varying orbital distances. The resulting value in minutes and seconds is the diameter of the shadow's disk. This measurement is on the Moon’s path, meaning the size of the disk at the Moon's specific orbit. Indeed, the Moon is covered by the Earth's shadow, whereas the Sun is covered by the Moon. || 4 ||

Sixty, one hundred ten, two hundred, one hundred twenty, and two hundred twenty,
each multiplied by ten and then by their own "Quick-Divisor" plus ten,
are the diameters of the planets starting from Mars. || 5 ||

Sixty, etc. The values are: for Mars, 60; for Mercury, 110; for Jupiter, 200; for Venus, 120; and for Saturn, 220. These, when multiplied by their own "Quick-Divisor" śīghra-cheda: a variable related to the planet's distance from Earth in its epicyclic model increased by ten, result in the diameters of the planets starting from Mars. || 5 ||

Four, two, eight, six, and ten, each multiplied by ten in order,
are the degrees of the Nodes for Mars and the others.
There is no Node or latitude for the Sun.

Four, two, etc. These numbers multiplied by ten are the degrees of the Nodes pāta: the points where a planet's orbit crosses the ecliptic for Mars and the others. They are: Mars 40; Mercury 20; Jupiter 80; Venus 60; and Saturn 100. There is no Node or latitude for the Sun—the Sun has no node or celestial latitude Because the Sun's path defines the ecliptic, it cannot deviate from it; some say this specific verse is an interpolation.

From the slow-corrected planet minus its Node—or for Mercury and Venus, from their "Quick-Apex"—
the sine of the arc is multiplied by 6, 36, 12, 16, 9, and 8 respectively. || 6 ||
For the Moon, these are the minutes of latitude. For Mars and others, multiply by the diameter
and divide by the "Quick-Divisor" to get the clear latitude, named North or South. || 7 ||

From the slow-corrected planet, etc. For the Moon, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, one should subtract the degrees of their respective Nodes from their slow-corrected positions manda-sphuṭa: the planet's position corrected for its elliptical orbit. However, for Mercury and Venus, one should subtract the Node from their "Quick-Apex" śīghrocca: the position of the planet's epicycle center, related to the Sun's position after it has been inversely processed by the results of the "Slow-Arc." This inverse processing for the "Slow-Result" is established by tradition. After subtracting the Nodes in this way, one finds the sine of the resulting arc and multiplies it by 6, 36, etc. For the Moon, having found the sine of the arc in degrees according to the rule "four, three, one, tooth" A mnemonic for sine tables...

1. Or: "multiplied by the qualities." 2. Or: "no latitude."