Introduction

Since ancient times, inhabitants of all nations have known that the residents of India have been highly proficient in scientific subjects. The scholars of Europe original: "Vilayat" - often referring to Britain or the West in this period honor India by describing it as the very birthplace of mathematics. When the philosophers of England prepare to examine Indian texts and behold the immense research within mathematical astronomy Jyotish-shastra: the traditional Indian science of astronomy and astrology, they begin to dive into an ocean of wonder, considering the context of that time and place. Among the eighteen most ancient and universally respected Siddhantas authoritative treatises of that mathematical science, very few Indians are acquainted with the text named "Shree Surya Siddhanta." Due to continuous neglect, the primary texts of this mathematical science are being buried under the all-consuming power of time. Indians have shown great indifference toward preserving the glory of their ancestors. I cannot hope that they will abandon this indifference at the request of a humble person like myself. Nevertheless, considering it my duty, I have labored intensely to publish this translated work for the current circle of astronomers and the general public, and I find great joy in doing so.

Nowadays, among those who are considered learned and who possess the influence to act, many do not even look at the scriptures. There are many who do not know the scriptures themselves, yet they continue to flaunt their supposed scholarship. This aforementioned aversion to texts and this arrogance are ruining everything, and they continue to exert their influence over astrologers. So much so, that the fruits of this short-sightedness have begun to appear. Today, astronomers remain preoccupied with the worries of earning a living literally "stomach-anxiety" and do not properly study or teach that science. For this reason, desiring to do less work, they use various simplified handbooks Karana Granthas: practical astronomical manuals used for quick calculations without even examining them properly. They invoke the name of the "Shree Surya Siddhanta"—the root of those manuals—and with the help of tables from other books, they obtain results from those manuals while claiming the authority of this extraordinary original text. However, while making a list of how many of them have actually observed the Shree Surya Siddhanta, one is struck with grief.

Apart from the sect following the Surya Siddhanta, a new kind of "Siddhanta-worshipper" has emerged in India. The creators of this school of thought wish to be called scholars and astronomers even before entering the study of astronomy, resembling the "Logic of the Half-Cooked Hen" original: "Ardha-Kukkuti-Nyaya" - a logical fallacy where one tries to take only the useful part of a thing (like the egg-laying back of a hen) while discarding the "useless" part (the mouth that needs feeding), resulting in an impossible or contradictory situation. Some are logicians Naiyayika: a follower of the Nyaya school of logic, some are highly intelligent in the work of masonry, some are merely proud of basic mathematics, some are skilled in promoting new opinions just to gain fame, some are students of some astrologer, or some are proficient in literature; that is all! Such people are the primary activists in this. Some [follow] the "Siddhanta Shiromani" composed by Bhaskaracharya Bhaskara II, a famous 12th-century Indian mathematician...