Years of trepidation In older astronomy, trepidation was a theory that the equinoxes moved back and forth like a swinging pendulum, rather than in a steady circle. from the creation of the world.

Celestial Labels and Constellations

Northern and Central Constellations

• Polar Star original: "Stella polaris"
• The Little Bear original: "Ursa minor"
• The Dragon original: "Draco"
• Cepheus
• Cassiopeia
• Perseus
• Andromeda
• Pegasus
• The Little Horse original: "Equus minor"
• The Dolphin original: "Delphinus"
• The Eagle original: "Aquila"
• The Lyre original: "Lyra"
• The Swan original: "Cygnus"
• Hercules
• The Northern Crown original: "Corona"
• The Herdsman original: "Boötes" (Arcturus)
• The Great Bear original: "Ursa maior" (The Wagon) original: "Plaustrum"
  • Dubhe
  • Alkor
  • Alioth
  • Benetnasch original: "Benenatz"
• Erichthonius A mythological figure often identified with the constellation Auriga, the Charioteer.
• Circle of the Arctic Pole original: "Circulus Poli Arctici"

Zodiac and Ecliptic Figures

• The Ram original: "Aries"
• The Bull original: "Taurus"
• The Twins original: "Gemini"
• The Crab original: "Cancer"
• The Lion original: "Leo" (The Heart of the Lion, Regulus, The Tail of the Lion)
• The Virgin original: "Virgo" (Spica)
• The Scales original: "Libra" (The Southern Scale) original: "Lanx meris"
• The Scorpion original: "Scorpius"
• The Archer original: "Sagittarius"
• The Sea-Goat original: "Capricornus"
• The Water-Bearer original: "Aquarius" (The Outpouring of Aquarius)
• The Fish original: "Piſces"
• THE ECLIPTIC The Sun's path.

Southern Constellations

• The Whale original: "Cetus"
• The River Eridanus
• Orion (Rigel)
• The Hare original: "Lepus"
• The Greater Dog original: "Canis maior"
• The Lesser Dog original: "Canis minor" (Procyon)
• The Water Snake original: "Hydra"
• The Cup original: "Crater"
• The Raven original: "Corvus"
• The Ship Argo original: "Argo navis"
• The Centaur original: "Centaurus"
• The Wolf original: "Lupus"
• The Altar original: "Ara"
• The Southern Crown original: "Corona meridionalis"
• The Southern Fish original: "Piſcis Notius"

General Terms

• The Milky Way original: "Via lactea"

ASTRONOMICAL

THE FOURTH STATEMENT.

To investigate the longitudes of the fixed stars in the Zodiac and their latitudes, which are their deviations from the ecliptic, from the creation of the world. Furthermore, to determine the certain degrees, minutes, and auges From the Arabic "awj," meaning the apogee or the point in a planet's orbit furthest from the Earth. of the planets before and after the time of Christ. Additionally, to discover which fixed stars any of the planets approach daily, or which they may hide by their proximity.

A decorative woodcut initial 'L' shows a man in 16th-century scholarly dress standing in a landscape with a building and hills in the background. He holds a long instrument, possibly a cross-staff or measuring rod used for celestial observation. The letter 'L' is formed by the vertical figure of the scholar and a horizontal base. the previous statement has abundantly taught the motions of the Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth spheres In the Ptolemaic system, these were the outer "shells" of the universe that carried the stars and caused the wobbling of the equinoxes.. Therefore, regarding the theory, I shall add nothing further at present. Instead, I will briefly and without ambiguity reveal how you may, quicker than a word is spoken, grasp the courses of all the fixed stars and the planetary apogees through the following instrument. Since the tenth sphere is moved from east to west, as has been said, and the ecliptic or Zodiac is established for us in that same heaven, we shall treat no further of its motion. That motion is understood through that immobile or fixed Zodiac. Rather, we shall henceforth always position the Zodiac as firm through all instruments, like the...