Lilavati (The Beautiful) of Bhaskaracharya (Unknown) - Page 14

Auspiciousness!

for the Lilavati

Subject	Page	Subject	Page
1. Auspicious Invocation original: "Mangalacharana"	1	24. Rule for the Multiplication of Fractions	36
2. Section on Definitions	2	25. Rule for the Division of Fractions	36
3. Measures of Weight	”	26. Rule for the Squaring and Cubing of Fractions	37
4. Measures of Distance	3	27. Rules for Square Roots and Cube Roots	”
5. Measures of Grains and Commodities	”	28. Eight Operations involving Zero Shunya-parikarma: the mathematical handling of zero as a number	39
6. Measures of Time	4	29. Methods of Explicit Calculation original: "vyakta-vidhi," refers to arithmetic with known numbers	41
7. Section on Nomenclature	”	30. Method of Supposition original: "ishta-karma," a method similar to the "rule of false position"	43
8. Salutation to Lord Ganesha	”	31. Method of Elimination original: "sankramana," used for solving simultaneous equations	53
9. Table of Names for Place Values	5	32. Operations involving Squares	54
10. The Eight Fundamental Operations Parikarmashtaka: the eight basic arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, etc.)	”	33. Operations involving Multipliers often referring to quadratic equations	59
11. Addition and Subtraction		34. The Rule of Three Trairashika: a method for finding an unknown using three known values	66
(Addition and Subtraction)	”	35. The Inverse Rule of Three	69
12. Rule for Multiplication	7	36. Rule of Five	71
13. Rule for Division	12	” Rule of Seven	76
14. Rule for Squaring	14	” Rule of Nine and higher proportions	78
15. Rule for finding Square Roots	18	37. Rules for Barter and Exchange	80
16. Rule for Cubing	21	38. Section on Mixtures	81
17. Rule for finding Cube Roots	26	39. Description of types of Mixtures	82
18. Eight Operations on Fractions	27	40. Method for Filling a Reservoir calculating flow and time for cisterns	85
19. The Four Classes of Fractions	”	41. Rules for Purchase and Sale	86
20. Rule for the Division of Fractions	28	42. Calculations for Mixtures of Jewels	90
21. Rule for Sub-fractions	29	43. Calculations for Gold	93
22. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions		44. Determining the Purity of Gold	96
original: "Bhaganuvandha" and "Bhagapavaha"	31	45. Knowledge of Gold Analysis	96
23. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions	34	46. Another Method for Gold Analysis	97
		47. Section on Prosody and Combinatorics original: "Chhandashchiti," the mathematics of poetic meters	99