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Lilavati

Meaning: Having bowed to the elephant-faced Lord Ganesha—who destroys obstacles the moment he is remembered, who inspires love in his devotees, and whose feet are saluted by the hosts of gods—I, Bhaskaracharya, am now bringing to light this mathematical treatise Patiganita: A system of arithmetic and measurement performed on a board named Lilavati. This work is filled with the beauty of clear, pure words and concise phrasing, and it provides great insight to bring joy to those learned in the mathematical sciences. || 1 ||

Two decades of cowries are what make a Kakini; four of those are a Pana.
Sixteen of those are known here as a Dramma, and sixteen Drammas make a Nishka. || 2 ||

Prose Order: Two decades of cowries original: "Varataka"; small sea shells used as the lowest denomination of currency are a Kakini. Four of those are a Pana. Sixteen of those are a Dramma. Likewise, in this context, a Nishka is to be understood as sixteen Drammas. || 2 ||

Meaning: Twenty (20) cowries are called 1 Kakini. 4 Kakinis make one Pana. 16 of those Panas make one Dramma. In this mathematical science, 16 Drammas make one Nishka. || 2 ||

A Gunja is said here to be equal to two barley grains; a Valla is three Gunjas, and eight of those are a Dharana.
Two of those are a Gadyanaka; and one Ghataka is declared to be fourteen Vallas. || 3 ||

Prose Order: Here, a Gunja original: "Gunja"; the red and black seed of the Abrus precatorius plant, used as a seed-weight is said to be equal to two barley grains original: "Yava". A Valla is said to be three Gunjas. Eight of those are called a Dharana. Two of those are called a Gadyanaka. Likewise, one Ghataka is declared to be equal to fourteen Vallas. || 3 ||

Meaning: In this mathematical science, one (1) Gunja is equal to two (2) barley grains. 3 Gunjas make 1 Valla. 8 Vallas make 1 Dharana. 2 Dharanas are called a Gadyanaka. 14 Vallas are called a Ghataka. || 3 ||

Those who know weights call half-of-ten Gunjas a Masha; sixteen of those called Mashas are a Karsha.
Four Karshas are a Pala; and a Karsha of gold is known by the name Suvarna. || 4 ||

Prose Order: Those who know the scales call half-of-ten original: "Dashardha"; five Gunjas a Masha. Sixteen of those called Mashas are a Karsha. Four Karshas are a Pala. A Karsha of gold is known by the name Suvarna. || 4 ||

Meaning: Experts in weighing call 5 Gunjas 1 Masha. 16 Mashas are called 1 Karsha. 4 Karshas are called 1 Pala. A Karsha-weight of gold is itself called a Suvarna. || 4 ||