Chapter on Definitions.

Eight barley grains, measured by their width, make a finger-breadth; twenty-four fingers make a hand.
Four hands make a staff in this system, and two thousand of these make a Krosha. || 5 ||

Prose Order: Eight original: "ashta-sankhyaih" barley-widths original: "yavodaraih"; literally "the bellies of barley grains" make a finger-breadth original: "angulam". Twenty-four original: "shad-gunitaih chaturbhih"; literally "six times four" fingers make a hand original: "hastah"; often called a cubit. In this context, four hands make a staff original: "dandah". Two thousand of those make a Krosha original: "kroshah"; a standard distance measurement. || 5 ||

Meaning: In this science of mathematics, eight (8) barley grains placed side-by-side make one Angula (finger-breadth). Twenty-four (24) Angulas make one Hasta (hand/cubit). 4 Hastas make one Danda (staff), and 2000 (two thousand) Dandas make one Krosha. || 5 ||

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A Yojana consists of four Kroshas; likewise, ten hands make a Vamsha.
A square field bounded by four sides of twenty Vamshas each is a Nivartana. || 6 ||

Prose Order: A Yojana original: "yojanam" is made of four Kroshas. Likewise, ten hands original: "karanam"; a synonym for hasta make a Vamsha original: "vamshah"; literally "bamboo pole". A field enclosed by four sides, each measuring twenty Vamshas, is a Nivartana original: "nivartanam". || 6 ||

Meaning: Four Kroshas make one Yojana. Ten hands make one Vamsha. A square area of land that is twenty Vamshas long and twenty Vamshas wide is called a Nivartana. || 6 ||

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A twelve-edged figure with a width, length, and depth of one hand is called a Cubic Cubit.
For grain and such, the measure of a Cubic Cubit is called the Magadha-Khari in the scriptures. || 7 ||

Prose Order: A twelve-edged original: "dvadashashram"; referring to a cube's edges figure that measures one hand in width, length, and thickness original: "vistriti-dairghya-pindaih" is known as a Cubic Cubit original: "ghana-hasta". For measuring grain and other commodities, the volume of a Cubic Cubit is called the Magadha-Khari original: "magadha-kharika"; a standard bushel from the Magadha region in the scriptures. || 7 ||

Meaning: A pit or container with twelve edges that is 1 (one) hand wide, 1 (one) hand long, and 1 (one) hand deep is called a Ghanahasta (Cubic Cubit). In the measurement of grain and similar goods, the weight or volume contained in a Ghanahasta is known in the scriptures as the Khari of the Magadha country. || 7 ||

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A Drona is the sixteenth part of a Khari; an Adhaka is the fourth part of a Drona.
A Prastha is the fourth part of an Adhaka; a fourth of a Prastha is declared to be a Kudava. || 8 ||

Prose Order: Indeed, a sixteenth part of a Khari original: "kharyah shodashamshah" is a Drona. A fourth part of a Drona is an Adhaka. In this context, the fourth part of an Adhaka is declared to be a Prastha. The fourth part of a Prastha is declared by the ancients original: "adyaih"; literally "by the first/earliest ones" to be a Kudava. || 8 ||

Meaning: A 16th (sixteenth) part of the Khari mentioned above is called a Drona. A 4th (fourth) part of a Drona is called an Adhaka. In this mathematical science, a 4th (fourth) part of an Adhaka is a Prastha, and a 4th (fourth) part of a Prastha is called a Kudava. || 8 ||