Lilavati (The Beautiful) of Bhaskaracharya

Now, the Supplement —

A Ser is said here to be equal to seventy-two Tanks, each Tank being equal to three-quarters of a Gadyanaka.
A weight of forty Sers is called a Man; these are the Turkic definitions for weighing grain and other goods. || 1 ||

Prose Order: In this context, for the weighing of grain and other goods, a Ser original: "serah" is said to be equal to seventy-two original: "dvi-sapta-tulyaikh"; literally "two and seventy" Tanks original: "takai-h", which are themselves equal to a three-quarter original: "padona"; literally "less one quarter" Gadyanaka. A Man original: "manabhidhanam"; a maund is said to be forty original: "kha-yugai-h"; a numerical code where 'kha' (space/zero) and 'yuga' (four) represent 40 Sers. This is the Turkic nomenclature original: "turushka-samjna". || 1 ||

Meaning: A three-quarter Gadyanaka—meaning 36 (thirty-six) Rattis (the weight of a Gunja seed)—constitutes 1 (one) Tank. Seventy-two (72) Tanks make 1 (one) Ser in the weighing of grain and other commodities. Forty (40) Sers make 1 (one) Man. This is the system of nomenclature established by the "Yavanas" A term used here for the Mughal or Islamic administrative authorities. || 1 ||

A Ser consists of one hundred and ninety-two Ghatakas; five of those make a Ghatika, and eight of those—
Make a Man; this is the nomenclature established by Shah Alamgir for use in his own kingdom and cities. || 2 ||

Prose Order: Here follows the nomenclature established by Alamgir Shah The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, reigned 1658–1707 for use in his own kingdom and cities. A Ser consists of weights numbering "two, nine, and one" original: "dvy-anke-ndu"; a symbolic number code: dvi (2), anka (9), indu (1), read right-to-left as 192 Ghatakas. Five Sers make a Ghatika. Eight of those Ghatikas make a Man. || 2 ||

Meaning: In the weight system prevalent during the reign of Emperor Alamgir, 192 (one hundred and ninety-two) Ghatakas make 1 (one) Ser. 5 (five) Sers make 1 (one) Dhadi original: "ghatika" in Sanskrit, explained as "dhadi" in Hindi; a regional unit. 8 (eight) Dhadis make 1 (one) Man. This nomenclature is still prevalent today in the "Middle Country" Madhya-desha, referring to the central Ganges plain of India. || 2 ||

The remaining definitions regarding time and other measures should be understood as they are famous in worldly usage.

Meaning: The remaining definitions of time and other units should be known through common public usage. For example: 60 (sixty) seconds make 1 minute. 60 minutes make 1 hour. 24 (twenty-four) hours make 1 day and night. 15 (fifteen) days and nights make 1 Paksha (fortnight). 2 Pakshas make 1 month. 12 (twelve) months make a year. Also, in traditional units: 60 Palas make 1 Ghadi. 2.5 (two and a half) Ghadis make 1 hour. 12 hours make 1 day. 7 (seven) days make 1 week, and so on.

Salutations to Ganesha, who possesses the pure luster of a blue lotus,
And who sports with the restless black serpent dangling playfully from his neck. || 1 ||

Prose Order: Salutations to Ganesha, who sports with the restless black serpent original: "kala-vyala"; the dark snake is a traditional ornament of the divine family dangling playfully from his neck original: "lila-gala-lulu-lallola", and whose complexion has the pure luster of a blue lotus original: "nila-kamala-amala-kantaye". || 1 ||

Meaning: I bow to Lord Ganesha, who plays with the flickering serpent hanging around his neck and whose body shines with the clean, oily radiance of a blue lotus flower. || 1 ||