The Surya SiddhantaLiterally "The Sun Treatise," this is one of the most important historical texts on Indian astronomy (Siddhanta), providing rules to calculate the motions of various planets and the moon.

A Scientific Commentary

Parts 1 and 2

The late Mahavir Prasad Srivastava

The following labels refer to the provided astronomical diagram illustrating the orbit of Venus relative to the Earth and Sun.
D
DA
Earth
V original: "शु" (Shu), abbreviation for Shukra (Venus)
VE original: "शू" (Shu), variation for Venus position
Orbit of Venus
S original: "स" (Sa), abbreviation for Surya (Sun)
Sun

The diagram depicts the Earth at the bottom, looking toward the Sun. Two tangential lines from Earth to the circular orbit of Venus show the "maximum elongation," which is the furthest angular distance Venus reaches from the Sun in our sky.

Dr. Ratnakumari Study Institute

Science Council Building, Allahabad-2