The Extraction of Determinations for Lunar Days

...falling in the [fortnight]. During a solar eclipse Sanskrit: sūrya-grahaṇa, fasting is required. Regarding a man with a son Sanskrit: putravān; legal texts often provide different fasting rules for fathers to ensure they maintain the strength necessary for family rituals, [the fast begins] before the eclipse. After excluding two watches term: prahara; a traditional unit of time lasting three hours prior to the event, he should fast for the full day and night.

This is the view of Hemadri A celebrated 13th-century administrator and scholar whose works are foundational to Hindu law and ritual. Madhava A 14th-century Vedic scholar and authority on religious law states that even a man with a son should not eat at all, which is the more logical view. However, in the Mayukha referring to the Bhagavanta-bhaskara, a major legal treatise written by Nilakantha Bhatta in the 17th century, Nilakantha says that just as on the eleventh lunar day term: Ekadashi; a significant day of fasting in the Hindu calendar, a man with a son should arrange for some permissible light food to be eaten, but otherwise should not consume a full meal. Fasting on the day of the eclipse as prescribed yields great spiritual fruit.

One must bathe when the eclipse begins; while the sun is being seized i.e., during the period of obscuration, one should perform fire offerings term: homa; while the sun is being released, one should give charitable gifts; and once the sun is fully released, one must bathe again.

[Regarding] a menstruating woman Sanskrit: rajasvalā...

The second leaf shown in the image is the reverse side or a blank facing page, showing only vertical ruling lines and faint ink bleed-through.